Acute alcohol and nicotine effects on reward-dependent learning and habitization in healthy young adults

该项目旨在调查急性酒精暴露如何影响学习障碍和半身化，以及这种酒精影响的个体差异是否可以预测AUDS的未来发展。因此，该项目的A部分调查了80名18岁的健康男性受试者(其中一半是AUDS的高危人群)，他们在盲目服用酒精或安慰剂后执行巴甫洛维安-工具迁移、概率反转学习和哈比化-贬值等行为任务。我们调查了酒精如何影响这些任务中的表现，酒精对高风险和低风险受试者的影响是否不同，以及酒精下的任务表现是否预测了未来的AUD。受试者将在三年后进行跟踪调查。在这个项目的B部分，我们将研究酒精对学习和吸食的影响是否可以推广到尼古丁，尼古丁也以多巴胺能系统为靶标。因为酗酒者的吸烟率非常高，我们不仅对急性尼古丁和酒精的单一影响感兴趣，特别是当它们一起使用时，它们的相互作用。因此，在B部分，100名健康受试者(50%是女性，在社交场合饮酒和吸烟，既不依赖酒精也不依赖尼古丁)在服用(1)尼古丁、(2)尼古丁和酒精、(3)酒精或(4)安慰剂后，将进行相同的学习和移居任务。

This project aims to investigate how dysfunctional learning and habitization are affected by acute alcohol exposure, and whether individual differences in such alcohol effects can predict later development of AUDs. Thus, part A of this project investigates eighty 18-year-old healthy male subjects (half of them at high risk of developing AUDs), performing behavioral tasks of Pavlovianto- instrumental transfer, probabilistic reversal learning and habitization-devaluation after blinded administration of alcohol or placebo. We investigate how alcohol influences the performance during these tasks, whether alcohol effects differ between high- and low-risk subjects and whether task performance under alcohol predicts the future AUDs. Subjects will be followed up after three years. In part B of this project, we will examine whether alcohol effects on learning and habitization can be generalized to nicotine, which also targets the dopaminergic system. Because smoking rates are extremely high in alcoholics, we are not only interested in the single effects of acute nicotine and alcohol, but particularly in their interaction when administered together. Thus, in part B, 100 healthy subjects (50% females, drinking and smoking socially, neither alcohol nor nicotine dependent) will conduct the same learning and habitization tasks after administration of (1) nicotine, (2) nicotine and alcohol, (3) alcohol, or (4) placebo.