NSF/DOE Partnership on Advanced Combustion Engines: Low Temperature NOx Storage and Reduction Using Engineered Materials

摘要#1258742克罗克，马克与传统的汽油车，柴油车的发动机？以及一些先进的汽油车？需要过量的空气来燃烧燃料传统的催化转化器在这些条件下不能有效地操作，因此需要使用更新的替代排放控制催化剂技术。目前，这些先进的催化转化器能够满足当前联邦关于气体污染物（即氮氧化物（NOx）、一氧化碳和碳氢化合物）排放的要求。此外，虽然柴油发动机比汽油发动机更省油，但仍然需要提高燃油经济性。对更高燃料效率的驱动导致了先进内燃机的发展，其中更高的效率导致排气温度越来越低。在如此低的温度下，目前的催化转化器技术将不太可能满足目前的排放标准，更不用说未来的标准了。 解决这种情况的方法是开发新技术，使催化转化器能够在低温下有效地发挥作用。这是一项非常艰巨的任务。 为了响应美国国家科学基金会和能源部关于先进燃烧发动机的联合征集，提出了一种实现催化剂活性改进的新方法。联合机构奖是通过NSF化学，生物工程，环境和运输系统部门及其催化&生物催化计划授予肯塔基州大学应用能源研究中心（UK CAER）的Mark Crocker教授和Yaying Ji博士，他们将与橡树岭国家实验室的Jae-Soon Choi博士，MEL Chemicals的John Darab博士和福特汽车公司的克莉丝汀兰伯特博士合作。重点将放在减少NOx排放上，因为这种污染物是最难去除的，采用结合材料合成、机理研究和现实条件下的催化剂评价的方法。具体而言，将开发能够在低温下储存NOx，然后定期将其转化为无害产品，氮气和水的材料。这项工作将导致产生的基本知识，氮氧化物与陶瓷材料的类型通常用于催化转化器中的气体成分的存储或吸附的相互作用，并在低温下的污染物排放控制的改进的催化转化器的发展。工业合作伙伴将提供有价值的规模和商业化投入，以及参与制造和测试。 该项目的另一个成果将是在材料科学、催化和环境工程的关键方面对学生进行教育和培训。该项目将是学术界、工业界和一个国家实验室之间的合作努力，从而为学生提供传统学术项目通常无法提供的多学科培训。研究生、本科生和高中生将有机会参与该项目并接受实践培训。项目成果将通过传统方法（学术文章、会议报告）和社交媒体（Twitter、Facebook和一个专门网站）传播，并将纳入研究生课程（？催化原理与应用（Principles and Applications of Catalysis）在英国化学系任教。

Abstract#1258742Crocker, MarkUnlike conventional gasoline vehicles, the engines in diesel vehicles ? as well as some advanced gasoline vehicles ? require excess air to combust their fuel. Conventional catalytic converters do not operate efficiently under these conditions, necessitating the use of newer, alternative emission control catalyst technologies. Currently, these advanced catalytic converters are able to meet current federal requirements with respect to the emission of gaseous pollutants, namely nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Furthermore, although diesel engines are more fuel efficient than their gasoline counterparts, increases in fuel economy are still needed. The drive towards greater fuel efficiency is resulting in the development of advanced combustion engines in which greater efficiency results in increasingly lower exhaust gas temperatures. At such low temperatures, current catalyst converter technology will be unlikely to meet present emission standards, let alone future standards. The way to address this situation is to develop new technologies which will enable catalytic converters to function efficiently at low temperature. This is a very difficult task. A novel approach to achieving catalyst activity improvement has been proposed in response to the joint National Science Foundation and Department of Energy solicitation on Advanced Combustion Engines. The joint Agency award is made through the NSF Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems Division and its Catalysis & Biocatalysis Program to Professor Mark Crocker and Dr. Yaying Ji at the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (UK CAER), who will team with Dr. Jae-Soon Choi of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dr. John Darab of MEL Chemicals and Dr. Christine Lambert of Ford Motor Co. Emphasis will be placed on the abatement of NOx emissions, given that this pollutant is the most difficult to remove, employing an approach that combines materials synthesis, mechanistic studies, and catalyst evaluation under realistic conditions. Specifically, materials will be developed that are capable of storing NOx at low temperatures and then periodically converting it into the harmless products, nitrogen and water. This work will both lead to the generation of fundamental knowledge concerning the interaction of NOx with ceramic materials of the type typically used in catalytic converters for storage or adsorption of a gaseous component, and to the development of improved catalytic converters for the control of pollutant emissions at low temperatures. The industrial partners will offer valuable scale and commercialization input, as well as participation in fabrication and testing. An additional outcome of this project will be the education and training of students in key aspects of materials science, catalysis and environmental engineering. The project will be a collaborative effort between academia, industry and a national laboratory, thereby providing multidisciplinary training to students that would not be typically available in a traditional academic project. Opportunities will be provided to graduate, undergraduate and high school students to work on the project and receive hands-on training. Project results will be disseminated using both conventional methods (scholarly articles, conference presentations) as well as social media (Twitter, Facebook and a dedicated website), and will be incorporated into a graduate level course (?Principles and Applications of Catalysis?) taught in the UK Chemistry Department.