Quantum Hydrodynamics with Multicomponent and Dispersion-Managed Degenerate Gases

该研究计划研究非线性量子流体力学的有趣物理学，使用超冷原子气体，如玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）作为良好控制的模型系统。在实验中，原子云被冷却到接近零开尔文的温度，在那里它们的动力学强烈偏离经典粒子的动力学，物质波行为出现。在这种极端状态下，原子的波动性质导致了流体动力学模型所描述的类似流体的行为。利用最新的进展和发展，该计划为深入理解非线性量子流体力学的发展提供了急需的基准结果。课题包括多孤子动力学、二元量子湍流、多组分逆流和拉曼缀饰的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。这些实验超越了现有理论的范畴，为未来应用所需的精确理论图景的发展提供了强有力的刺激。这项研究计划的结果在广泛的背景下是相关的。在BEC流体力学和光通过光纤的重要技术传播之间存在着强烈的相似之处。对于未来的电信应用，使用光孤子作为通过光纤传输的信息位，多孤子动力学的精确理解类似于在BEC中发现的一个将是重要的。第二，拉曼修饰的BEC表现出自旋轨道耦合，这在先进的凝聚态系统中起着重要作用，例如自旋量子霍尔效应，拓扑绝缘体，以及应用于拓扑量子计算的马约拉纳费米子工程。此外，该研究计划提供了对量子湍流的新见解，从而有助于更好地理解经典湍流，这通常被认为是经典物理学中最重要的未解决问题。这项研究计划对学生的教育也起着重要的作用。它允许各级学生获得最先进的仪器和技术的经验，同时他们进行实验，解决量子流体力学中一些最紧迫的开放问题。学生将为未来在工业和学术界的职业生涯做好准备。

This research program investigates the intriguing physics of nonlinear quantum hydrodynamics, using ultracold atomic gases such as Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) as well-controlled model systems. In the experiments, clouds of atoms are cooled to temperatures near zero Kelvin, where their dynamics strongly deviate from the dynamics of classical particles and matter-wave behavior emerges. The wave nature of the atoms in this extreme regime leads to fluid-like behavior described by a hydrodynamic model. Capitalizing on the most recent advances and developments, the program provides much needed benchmark results for the development of a deep understanding of nonlinear quantum hydrodynamics. Topics include multi-soliton dynamics, binary quantum turbulence, multicomponent counterflow and Raman-dressed BECs. The experiments go beyond the realm of existing theories and provide strong stimuli for the development of a precise theoretical picture that is needed for future applications.The results of this research program are relevant in a broad context. Strong parallels exist between BEC hydrodynamics and the technologically important propagation of light through optical fibers. For future telecommunication applications using solitons of light as bits of information transmitted through optical fibers, a precise understanding of multi-soliton dynamics analogous to the one found in BECs will be important. Second, Raman-dressed BECs exhibit spin-orbit coupling which plays a prominent role in advanced condensed matter systems, e.g. for the spin quantum Hall effect, topological insulators, and engineering of Majorana fermions with applications to topological quantum computation. Furthermore, the research program provides new insight into quantum turbulence and thus aids the development of a better understanding of classical turbulence, which is often quoted as the most important unsolved problem in classical physics. This research program also plays an important role for the education of students. It allows students at all levels to gain experience with state-of-the-art instruments and techniques while they perform experiments addressing some of the most pressing open questions in quantum hydrodynamics. The students will be well prepared for future careers in industry and academia.