Dissertation Research: Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration to temperature under climate change: Understanding variation among species and biomes to improve climate models

用于气候预测的地球系统模型(ESM)正不断变得更加复杂，现在纳入了广泛的陆地过程。然而，一些潜在的重要过程仍然被省略，因为它们要么没有得到很好的理解，要么量化得不够好，不足以保证纳入。其中一个过程是，在给予植物适应或适应温度变化的时间后，光合作用和呼吸对温度的敏感度降低。这一过程被称为温度适应，通过改变植物在未来更温暖的世界中吸收的二氧化碳的数量，可能会对大气中二氧化碳增加的预测产生关键影响。该项目将支持一系列实地测量，旨在量化来自各种生物群(热带、温带和北方)的各种植物物种(草、树、作物)适应不同温度的潜力。物种将在位于不同纬度的不同地点进行测量，因此具有不同的生长季节温度。将比较不同地点的测量结果，以评估每个物种适应不同温度的能力。这些实地测量将补充一个更大的论文项目，该项目旨在通过创建适合ESM的温度适应公式来改善气候预测。拟议的项目将支持研究协调网络的使命，如美国的接口和预测以及欧洲的TERRABITES，以促进经验研究和地球系统建模的跨学科结合。从该项目收集的数据将有助于创建包括温度适应在内的光合作用和呼吸作用的首个配方。这些配方的设计方式是，它们可以很容易地实施到大多数ESM中。数据将被提交到多个国际数据库，在那里将被存档、存储并供其他研究人员使用。

The Earth System Models (ESMs) used to make climate projections are continually becoming more sophisticated, and now incorporate a wide range of terrestrial processes. However, some potentially important processes are still omitted because they are either poorly understood or not quantified well enough to warrant inclusion. One such process is the decrease in sensitivity of photosynthesis and respiration to temperature that occurs after plants are given time to adjust, or acclimate, to a temperature change. This process, termed temperature acclimation, could critically influence projections of atmospheric CO2 increase by altering the amount of CO2 taken up by plants in a future, warmer world. This project will support a series of field measurements designed to quantify the potential of a variety of plant species (grasses, trees, crops) from a variety of biomes (tropical, temperate, and boreal) to acclimate to different temperatures. Species will be measured at pairs of sites that lie at different latitudes and, thus, have different growing season temperatures. Measurements at the different sites will be compared to assess the ability of each species to acclimate to the different temperatures. These field measurements will supplement a larger dissertation project designed to improve climate projections through the creation of temperature acclimation formulations suitable for ESMs.The proposed project will support the mission of research coordination networks such as INTERFACE and FORECAST in the U.S. and TERRABITES in Europe to promote the interdisciplinary combination of empirical research and Earth System Modeling. The data gathered from this project will help to create first-of-their-kind formulations for photosynthesis and respiration that include temperature acclimation. The formulations will be designed in such a way that they can be easily implemented into most ESMs. Data will be submitted to multiple international databases, where it will be archived, stored, and made available to other researchers.