Collaborative Research: Extreme Events and Ecological Acclimation: Scaling from Cells to Ecosystems

合作研究：极端事件和生态适应：从细胞扩展到生态系统

• 批准号: 1602131
• 负责人: Kiona Ogle
• 金额: $ 2.98万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1602131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Extreme; Events; Ecological

Forests are vital natural and economic resources that support habitat for plants and animals, protect water quality, offer opportunities for recreation and provide jobs and wood for people. Forests are sensitive to the effects of climate change including drought, shifts in weather, and invasion by insects. Little is known about the effects of repeated droughts brought on by climate change or how these effects occur from the tree cells to entire regional forests. Droughts in the past decade have occurred across much of the western and southwestern United States. These droughts have led to severe consequences on forests, such as widespread forest die-off. This award will answer a fundamental gap in scientific understanding with profound implications for the future of western U.S. forests. Are trees that survive a severe drought more vulnerable or less vulnerable to the next drought? Over two years, the research will assess water stress and scale these measurements of drought vulnerability from the cell level in individual branches to entire ecosystems across four western States. It will draw on tree-core records, measurements of plant populations, anatomy of tree water transport, and measurements of whole-ecosystem fluxes of carbon and water. The ultimate goal is a predictive framework across different spatial scales that will allow prediction of which forests are most vulnerable and the return frequency of drought that's survivable versus lethal.This project incorporates an extensive commitment to training of scientists at the undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral, and early-career levels. The project's research will be directly linked with teaching activities by incorporating findings and projects into five undergraduate and two graduate courses across Northern Arizona University, Princeton University, and the University of Nevada, Reno. The research will enable entire continent wide drought monitoring. The research will develop sensor capacity needed for establishing a continent-wide forest drought-monitoring network. The technology developed can aid land managers with the USFS in managing US Forest Lands. High resolution meteorological and plant water status sensors will be developed and deployed, and measurements of forest canopy cover will be made across a broad spatial scale. In addition, these measurements can also supplement the national USFS information such as the Forest Inventory and Analysis program.

森林是重要的自然和经济资源，支持动植物栖息地，保护水质，提供娱乐机会，为人们提供就业机会和木材。森林对气候变化的影响很敏感，包括干旱、天气变化和昆虫入侵。人们对气候变化引起的反复干旱的影响以及这些影响如何从树木细胞到整个区域森林所知甚少。在过去的十年里，美国西部和西南部的大部分地区都发生了干旱。这些干旱对森林造成了严重后果，例如森林大面积死亡。该奖项将回答科学理解的根本差距，对美国西部森林的未来产生深远影响。 在严重干旱中幸存下来的树木对下一次干旱更脆弱还是更不脆弱？ 在两年的时间里，这项研究将评估水资源压力，并将这些干旱脆弱性的测量从单个分支的细胞水平扩展到西部四个州的整个生态系统。它将利用树芯记录，植物种群的测量，树木水分运输的解剖，以及整个生态系统的碳和水通量的测量。最终目标是建立一个跨不同空间尺度的预测框架，从而预测哪些森林最脆弱，以及干旱的重现频率，即可生存与致命。该项目包括对本科生、研究生、博士后和早期职业水平的科学家的广泛培训承诺。 该项目的研究将直接与教学活动相联系，将研究结果和项目纳入北方亚利桑那大学、普林斯顿大学和里诺内华达州大学的五门本科和两门研究生课程。这项研究将使整个大陆的干旱监测成为可能。 这项研究将发展建立全大陆森林干旱监测网络所需的传感器能力。开发的技术可以帮助土地管理者与USFS在管理美国林地。将开发和部署高分辨率气象和植物水分状况传感器，并在广阔的空间范围内测量森林冠层覆盖情况。此外，这些测量还可以补充国家USFS信息，如森林清查和分析计划。