Early Robotic Spectra of Supernovae with FLOYDS

这一提议将利用天文学从未有过的能力：一对安装在200万台望远镜上的机器人光谱仪，专门为研究超新星而设计，能够在发现目标后几分钟到几小时内对目标进行例行观测。超新星的发现和光谱分型之间的平均间隔为一周到10天，这使得它们的早期行为在很大程度上是一个谜。弗洛伊德将把这一滞后缩短一个数量级，并使一些目前奇特的超新星前身探测成为惯例。核心工作是(1)确定过去一周内未发现的每一颗新超新星的即时光谱类型和红移，以及(2)每隔几天获得最有趣的150个(100 SNE Ia/50核坍塌)目标的子集的超新星高信噪比光谱。有了这些数据，我们将在统计上限制SNE Ia的前身通道，但研究未燃烧的物质，研究核心坍塌超新星的激波爆发，以及目标来源尚不清楚的微弱快速瞬变。整个超新星社区将受益于这一提议，因为所有一周内未检测到的超新星将在一到两天内被分型，红移和类型将立即向公众公布。这将允许更早的光曲线、光谱和从X射线到IR的后续处理。大部分光谱将在一年后公开，但一些数据将立即公开。我们将向我们的学校项目宣传更上镜的超新星，鼓励学生通过LCOGT网络(提供真实的科学数据)来想象超新星，我们将通过LCOGT.net的在线教科书Spacebook提供相关课程和教科书。LCOGT软件、望远镜和仪器计划将公开。

This proposal will exploit a capability never before available in astronomy: a pair of robotic spectrographs on 2m telescopes specifically designed to study supernovae, capable of routinely observing targets within minutes to hours of discovery. The average lag between discovery and spectroscopic typing for supernovae is a week to 10 days, making their early behavior largely a mystery. FLOYDS will reduce this lag by an order of magnitude and make some currently exotic probes of supernova progenitors routine. The core effort is to (1) determine an immediate spectroscopic type and redshift of every new supernova discovered with a nondetection within the past week, and (2) obtain high signal-to-noise spectra of supernovae every few days for a subset of the most interesting 150 (100 SNe Ia / 50 core-collapse) targets. With this data we will statistically limit the progenitor channels of SNe Ia but studying unburned material, study shock breakout in core-collapse supernovae, and target faint-fast transients whose origin remains unknown.The entire supernova community will benefit from this proposal, as all supernovae with a nondetection within a week will be typed within a day or two, and the redshifts and types will be announced immediately for public SNe. This will allow earlier lightcurves, spectra, and follow-up from the X-ray to the IR. Most spectra will be made public after one year, but some data will be made public immediately. We will advertise the more photogenic supernovae to our schools program to encourage students to image the supernovae with the LCOGT network (providing real science data), and we will provide associated curricula and textbook materials through SpaceBook, the online textbook at LCOGT.net. LCOGT software and telescope and instrument plans will be made public.