Doctoral Dissertation Research: Access to Transportation and Outcomes for Women on Probation and Parole

这项研究将探讨缓刑和假释妇女的交通困难。关于什么能降低重新犯罪率的理论表明，必须仔细筛选罪犯，以确定他们的需求，以便他们可以被转介到在强度方面与他们适当匹配的节目中（例如，针对高风险罪犯的强化方案）和类型（例如，药物滥用者的药物滥用治疗）。然而，到目前为止，惩教人员还没有一个工具来评估交通剥夺。因此，该项目将创建一个衡量交通工具匮乏的工具，发现妇女用来克服匮乏的战略，并确定缺乏交通工具在多大程度上与重新犯罪有关。该项目将分析调查数据、深入访谈信息和官方记录。调查数据将发现妇女获得交通工具的程度，并将用于生成一个衡量工具。将从一个妇女子样本中收集深入访谈资料，以解释妇女为克服交通不便问题而采取的战略。官方记录将显示，在假释或缓刑监督开始后的12个月内，妇女是否因被剥夺交通工具而违反监督规则或再次被捕或再次定罪。 预计取得的成果将有助于刑事司法从业人员更好地评估客户的交通需求，并为额外服务的需求提供信息（例如，巴士代币、电话报告）。调查结果与非罪犯群体有关，这些群体与女性罪犯有一些相同的需求，例如低收入或多重弱势个人，他们必须获得商品和服务，寻找工作，照顾他人或满足身心健康需求。

This research will explore transportation difficulties among women on probation and parole. Theory about what works in reducing re-offense rates indicates that offenders must be carefully screened to identify their needs so they can be referred to programming that is appropriately matched to them in terms of intensity (e.g., intensive programming for high-risk offenders) and type (e.g., substance abuse treatment for substance abusers). However, to date, correctional practitioners have not had an instrument to assess transportation deprivation. Therefore, the project will create a measurement instrument for transportation deprivation, discover strategies women use to overcome deprivation, and determine, to what extent lack of transportation is related to re-offending. The project will analyze survey data, in-depth interview information, and official records. Survey data will discover women's levels of transportation access and will be used to generate a measurement instrument. In-depth interview information will be collected from a subsample of women to explain strategies women use to overcome low levels of transportation access. Official records will reveal whether, as a result of transportation deprivation, women violate supervision rules or are re-arrested or re-convicted within 12 months after parole or probation supervision begins. Results are expected to lead to better criminal justice practitioner assessment of clients' transportation needs and inform needs for additional services (e.g., bus tokens, telephone reporting). Findings are relevant to non-offender groups who share some of the same needs as women offenders, such as low-income or multiply disadvantaged individuals, who must access goods and services, search for jobs, care for others or attend to physical and mental health needs.