Participatory Mapping and Landscape among an Indigenous Population

佛罗里达大学的Michael Heckenberger和Stephanie Alemán将利用差分GPS(DGPS)和历史景观地理信息系统进行参与式测绘，并就土著社区关于历史居住区和土地使用的当地知识进行合作研究。这项研究将在圭亚那Berbice和Demerera River地区的两个研究区的美洲印第安人(Lokono)社区中进行。这项研究建立在NSF考古学支持的先前研究的基础上，NSF考古学发起了对哥伦布之前和历史考古景观特征的参与性测绘。这些特征为当地社区所熟知，并揭示了这些美洲印第安人社区丰富的文化遗产，包括与欧洲殖民者和外来非洲人互动的动态历史。哥伦布之前的几次主要景观改造已经确定，包括中全新世村庄和晚全新世定居的农场主，土质农业土丘和相关的受管理的湿地和森林岛屿。这些职业在接触前和最早的殖民占领中表现得最好，代表了生产和定居网络的最大表现，显然是历史上洛科诺人的文化先驱。历史遗址是从16世纪初就知道的，包括几个主要的插曲，包括传教士德梅雷拉河社区和伯比斯种植园社区的不同轨迹。通过参与绘制这些聚落的地图，并与当地历史、一般生态学和民族植物学知识的专家进行重点研究，将探索这一丰富历史的后半部分，包括当地知识和哥伦布前聚居地和生产景观的当代土地利用，特别是农业区、受管理的湿地和森林岛屿。该项目扩大了对与土著口述历史、当代土地利用和民族植物学有关的考古景观的当地知识的参与性研究。所有研究都将与土著辅助技术人员一起进行，主要目标是从多个时空尺度创建关于洛科诺历史景观的地理空间数据，这些数据将纳入地理信息系统项目。项目设计和成果将在最初的培训讲习班以及研究参与者和当地社区领导人的进出小组论坛上讨论，包括面谈，以衡量不断变化的看法和知识领域(知识图谱)。该项目还涉及在圭亚那文化部和沃尔特·罗斯博物馆的赞助下，与项目联合主任乔治·西蒙、圭亚那大学和洛科诺大学教授乔治·西蒙开展协同活动。该项目的结果将对该区域的土著文化遗产和基于历史模式的可持续土地利用产生重要影响。

Michael Heckenberger and Stephanie Alemán of the University of Florida will conduct participatory mapping using differential GPS (dGPS) and GIS of historical landscapes and collaborative research on local knowledge about areas of historical occupations and land-use among indigenous communities. The research will take place among the Amerindian (Lokono) communities in two study areas in the Berbice and Demerera River areas of Guyana. The research builds on previous research supported by NSF Archaeology, which initiated participatory mapping of pre-Columbian and historical archaeological features of the landscape. These features are well known to local communities and reveal the rich cultural heritage of these Amerindian communities, including a dynamic history of interaction with European colonists and imported African peoples. Several major episodes of pre-Columbian landscape modification have been defined, including mid-Holocene villages and late Holocene settled agriculturalists, with earthen agricultural mounds and associated managed wetlands and forest islands. These occupations at their maximal expression in pre-contact and earliest colonial occupations represent the maximal expression of production and settlement networks and are clearly the cultural antecedents of historical Lokono peoples. Historical sites are known from the early 16th century and include several major episodes, including divergent trajectories of missionized Demerera River community and Berbice plantation communities. Through participatory mapping of these settlements and focused study with specialists on local histories, general ecology and ethno-botanical knowledge, the latter portion of this rich history will be explored, including local knowledge and contemporary land-use of pre-Columbian settlement sites and production landscapes, notably agricultural areas, managed wetlands and forest islands. The project expands participatory research on local knowledge related to the archaeological landscape related to indigenous oral history, contemporary land-use and ethnobotany. All studies will be conducted with indigenous para-technicians with the primary objective of creating geo-spatial data on the Lokono historical landscape from multiple spatio-temporal scales that will be incorporated in project GIS. The project design and outcomes will be discussed during initial training workshop and entrance and exit group forums of research participants and local community leaders, including interviews to gauge changing perceptions and knowledge domains (knowledge maps). The project also involves synergistic activities with project co-director George Simon, a professor at the University of Guyana and Lokono, under the auspices of the Guyana Ministry of Culture and Walter Roth Museum. Results of the project will have important implications for indigenous cultural heritage in the region and sustainable land-use based on historical patterns.