AGS-PRF: Refining the Climate Role of Tropical Cyclones: Key Constituents of the Hadley Cell?

最近关于热带气旋(TC)与气候关系的研究表明，热带气旋活动增强的年份可能会导致次年冬季大气向极地热量输送的减少，这可能是由于热带气旋向大气向极地热量输送显著。支持这一假说的几项研究表明，由于TCS向极地的湿静态能量输送，TCS导致半球纬向可用势能的短期显着减少。首席调查员(PI)过去的研究也表明，西北太平洋TCS负责向南半球输送大量的干静态能量。在这个项目中，PI将对TCS的经向能量输送进行全面的量化，作为确定TCS的气候作用的基础。他将检验这一假设，即北半球TCS在北半球夏季和秋季从北半球到南半球的全球大气干静态能量(DSE)输送中占很大比例，这是由于与TCS相关的对流层上部赤道Ward急流所致。通过分析TCS在东北太平洋东部、北大西洋和西太平洋内合成的经向DSE输送，PI将确定每个盆地内的平均响应是否显著。接下来，PI将通过再分析的每个最佳路径TC对赤道经纬向积分的跨半球DSE输送进行量化，以确定在从几周到几年的时间尺度上聚合的干静态能量输送相对于总大气的重要性。最后，PI将检查耦合模式相互比较项目(CMIP5)的模拟，以比较再分析的结果，以确定在大气环流模式中证明的TCS作用的保真度。

Recent research on the relationship between tropical cyclones (TC) and climate, suggests that years with enhanced TC activity may lead to decreased atmospheric poleward heat transports during the following winter possibly due to significant atmospheric poleward heat transports by TCs. Supporting this hypothesis are several studies showing that TCs are responsible for significant short-term reductions in hemispheric zonal available potential energy due to poleward moist static energy transports by TCs. Past research by the Principal Investigator (PI) has also shown that Western North Pacific TCs are responsible for significant cross-hemispheric transports of dry static energy into the Southern Hemisphere. In this project, the PI will undertake a comprehensive quantification of meridional energy transports by TCs to serve as a foundation for establishing the climate role of TCs. He will test the hypothesis that Northern Hemisphere TCs constitute a significant portion of global atmospheric dry static energy (DSE) transports from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere during boreal summer and fall due to the upper tropospheric equator ward outflow jets associated with the TCs. Analyzing the composited meridional DSE transports by TCs within the Eastern North Pacific, North Atlantic, and West Pacific, the PI will determine whether the mean response is significant within each basin. Next the PI will quantify zonally integrated cross-hemispheric DSE transports at the equator by each Best-Track TC from reanalysis to determine the significance of aggregate dry static energy transports relative to the total atmosphere on time scales ranging from weeks to years. Finally the PI will examine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulations to compare results from reanalysis to determine the fidelity of the role of TCs as evidenced in general circulation models.