Recycling Potential, Climate, and Metals of Modern Technology

1336121(格雷德尔)。许多金属在自然界中是稀有的，人们对它们的长期可获得性感到担忧。随着时间的推移，金属的预期可获得性目前并没有得到它们在使用后的回收率的帮助，其中许多是非常低的。还从碳排放的角度讨论了金属：据估计，全球所有碳排放中约有8%与金属开采和加工有关。这项研究通过得出10种精选金属的当前损失率和回收率，并评估现在和将来提高这些损失率的前景来解决这些问题。这项工作还将包括计算目前从金属回收中获得的碳排放节省，以及通过增加使用后回收可以实现更多碳排放节省的潜力。这项研究借鉴了以前NSF赞助的关于元素周期表中所有金属和类金属的临界性的研究。这项研究提供了有关当代库存、流动和这些要素的损失的量化周期的信息。金属生命周期使人们能够进行两个新的定量评估：在没有进一步再利用的情况下，前几年开采和加工的金属损失的程度，以及如果在定向收集和再加工方面花费适当的努力，现在损失的金属可以回收的程度。在相关工作中，正在制定未来金属供应和需求的设想。在这项新的研究中，先前的工作将作为得出十种金属的金属损失、回收、回收潜力和碳减排潜力的综合图景的基础：铜、镍、钴、铟、钕、钯、镝、Y、Eu和Tb。结果将显示回收现在和未来能够在多大程度上提供与气候变化有关的好处，从而表明更广泛地部署回收技术和产品设计在多大程度上有可能减少碳排放，从而减少气候变化。该项目包括一个本科生研究部分，涉及两名耶鲁学生，他们将作为项目研究团队的成员在学年期间兼职工作，在暑假期间全职工作。他们的任务将包括独立和协作工作的组合，涉及一种或多种目标金属的当前和最佳做法回收，以及由此产生的碳排放节约的协作工作。第二类更广泛的影响涉及向美国和其他地方的几个政府机构提供有关材料回收前景及其碳减排潜力的信息，这些政府机构要求保持对这个群体的评估？S研究了与金属期货相关的主题。第三类更广泛的影响涉及合作，涉及环境署国际资源小组综合情景活动中的研究结果。最后，预计这项工作的结果将为一些国内和国际公司、政府材料政策领域的公司以及从事气候研究或气候政策的公司提供更好的材料视角。

1336121 (Graedel). Many metals are scarce in nature, and concern exists regarding their long term availability. The prospective availability of metals over time is currently not aided by their rates of recycling after use, many of which are very low. Metals are also discussed from the perspective of carbon emissions: it is estimated that about 8% of all global carbon emissions relate to the mining and processing of metals. This research addresses these issues by deriving current loss and recycling rates for ten select metals, and evaluating the prospects for improving those rates now and over time. The work will also include computing the carbon emission savings that are now being derived from metal recycling, and the potential for increased carbon emission savings that could be achieved through increased after-use recycling. This research draws on previous NSF-sponsored research on the criticality" of all metals and metalloids in the periodic table. That research provides information on quantitative cycles of contemporary stocks, flows, and losses for these elements. The metal life cycles enable two new quantitative assessments to be made: the degree to which metal mined and processed in previous years is lost without further reuse, and the degree to which metal now lost could be recycled were appropriate effort expended in directed collection and reprocessing. In related work, scenarios are being developed for future supply and demand of metals. In this new research, the prior work will be used as a foundation for deriving a comprehensive picture of metal loss, recycling, recycling potential, and carbon emission reduction potential for ten metals: copper, nickel, cobalt, indium, neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, yttrium, europium, and terbium. The results will demonstrate the degree to which recycling can provide climate change-related benefits now and in the future, thus indicating the degree to which a more extensive deployment of technology and of product design for recycling has the potential to mitigate carbon emissions and thus climate change. The project includes an undergraduate research component involving two Yale students who will work part-time during the academic year and full time during the summers as members of the project research team. Their tasks will include a combination of independent and collaborative work involving current and best practice recycling of one or more target metals, together with collaborative work on resulting carbon emissions saving. A second category of broader impacts relates to providing information on materials recycling prospects and their potential for carbon emissions reduction to several governmental agencies in the U.S. and elsewhere that have asked to be kept appraised of this group?s research on topics related to metal futures. A third category of broader impacts relates to collaboration involving the results of the research in the integrated scenario activities of the UNEP International Resource Panel. Finally, it is anticipated that the results of this work will provide enhanced materials perspectives to a number of domestic and international corporations, those in the governmental materials policy arena, and those engaged in climate research or climate policy.