Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Application of Entanglement Theory at Catalhoyuk, Turkey

该项目研究社会经济对当地获得的资源的依赖如何影响社会发展。在伊恩·霍德博士的指导下，亚当·纳扎罗夫将在土耳其圣塔尔约克遗址研究硅质岩的采购和使用，这是一种主要由微晶二氧化硅组成的岩石。这处遗址是在公元前7,400至6,000年的中东新石器时代占领的，特别是以其宏伟的艺术主题、巨大的面积以及独特的仪式和建筑实践而闻名。该项目的很大一部分将包括对圣塔尔约克周围的景观进行大规模调查，以发现可能在新石器时代开采过的天然硅质岩矿藏。通过结合目测、地球化学和矿物学分析，纳扎罗夫先生将确定哪些露头被圣塔尔约克的人们用来生产硅质岩。通过研究每个硅质岩来源产生的不同物体，可以确定依赖于当地资源使用的社会的不同方面。更广泛地说，通过确定当地的硅质岩矿床如何在整个新石器时代社区的发展过程中成为重要的经济、社会和意识形态资源，纳扎罗夫先生的研究将有助于展示受当地景观影响的一系列社会实践。虽然新石器时代是一个广泛的社会变革时期，涵盖了人类历史上的许多关键发展，但目前的理论往往认为，这些发展起源于几个关键中心，然后向外扩散到新石器时代的其他地方。因此，许多社区被设想为一种主要的外来现象的边缘或主体。然而，这项研究将有助于解释新石器时代群体是如何在当地实践网络中发展起来的，这有助于产生异质的新石器时代景观。通过让当地过程的作用发出声音，这个项目将更彻底地让考古学家了解社区发展中涉及的无数过程。这项研究非常适合提供超出上述主题范围的更广泛的影响。从最近的人类学和经济学文献中可以明显看出，人们越来越认识到区域和全球网络对经济做法和社区特性的指导力。研究人员试图了解用于制造大宗商品的材料的来源如何影响它们所在的整体经济。该项目通过分析长期过程如何与其他社会经济实践相结合来影响社区发展，从而为这一论述增加了考古学方法的优势。这与与资源开采、贸易和交换有关的现代经济政策形成了鲜明对比，现代经济政策只对短期收益感兴趣，而忽视了特定投资的长期和微妙的后果。该项目还在不同学科(考古学、人类学、地质学、经济学)的交叉领域开展工作，以透彻地了解当地资源在指导社会行为方面的作用。与当地学术和政府机构的合作研究，包括土耳其学术和学生研究人员，还将加强当地和国际研究人员之间跨越学科界限的联系，这将有助于发展丰富的考古学论述。

This project studies how a socio-economic reliance on locally acquired resources can influence social development. Under the guidance of Dr. Ian Hodder, Adam Nazaroff will study the procurement and use of chert, a rock composed principally of microcrystalline silica, at the site of Çatalhöyük, Turkey. This site was occupied during the Middle Eastern Neolithic from 7,400 to 6,000 BC, and is particularly well-known for its magnificent artistic motifs, its large size, and unique ritual and architectural practices. A significant portion of this project will include large-scale surveys of the landscape surrounding Çatalhöyük in order to discover natural deposits of chert which may have been exploited during the Neolithic. Using a combination of visual, geochemical, and mineralogical analyses, Mr. Nazaroff will identify which outcrops were used by the people of Çatalhöyük to produce chert objects. By studying the different objects produced from each chert source, it becomes possible to identify the different facets of society which were reliant on the use of local resources. More broadly, by identifying how local chert deposits were important economic, social, and ideological resources throughout the development of this Neolithic community, Mr. Nazaroff's research will help demonstrate the range of social practices which were impacted by the local landscape. While the Neolithic is a time of wide-spread social change, encompassing many crucial developments in human history, current theories often argue that these developments originated in a few key centers before spreading outward to the rest of the Neolithic world. As a result, many communities have been envisioned as peripheral to, or subjects of, a predominantly foreign phenomenon. However, this research will help explain how Neolithic groups also developed within networks of local practices, which aided in the production of a heterogeneous Neolithic landscape. By giving a voice to the role of local processes, this project stands to more thoroughly inform archaeologists of the myriad of processes involved in community development.This research is well suited to provide a broader impact beyond the scope of the above topics. Evident in recent anthropological and economic literature is a growing recognition of the directive force of regional and global networks on economic practices and community identities. Researchers have looked to understand how the origins of materials used in the manufacture of commodities impact the overall economies in which they are situated. This project adds the strengths of an archaeological approach to this discourse by analyzing how long-term processes articulate with other socio-economic practices to impact community development. This is a stark contrast to modern economic policies pertaining to the mining, trade, and exchange of resources which are only interested in short-term gains and ignore the long-term and nuanced consequences of particular investitures. This project also operates at the intersection of various disciplines (archaeology, anthropology, geology, economics) to provide a thorough perspective on the role of local resources in informing social behaviors. Collaborative research with local academic and governmental institutions, incorporating Turkish academic and student researchers, will also bolster connections between local and international researchers across disciplinary boundaries, which will help to develop an enriched archaeological discourse.