Sbe-Rcuk: Radiocarbon Dating And Chronological Modelling

Sbe-Rcuk：放射性碳测年和年代模型

• 批准号: 1546797
• 负责人: Ian Hodder
• 金额: $ 15.39万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1546797&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sbe; Rcuk; Radiocarbon; Dating; Chronological

Dr Ian Hodder, of Stanford University, along with Dr Alex Bayliss of the University of Stirling in the UK, will undertake collaborative research in order to build for the first time a detailed chronology for early societal development. Archaeologists have access to data that allow exploration of the broad sweep of human development from small mobile bands to settled towns and cities. But for early prehistoric time periods archaeological chronologies have wide margins of error so that only general trends can be documented. New developments in the statistical analysis of radiocarbon dates are allowing radical new insights so that more detailed chronologies can be built. In this way a historical scale of resolution can be applied to deep prehistory. By tying events down to quarter-century resolution at 9000 years ago, the researchers will be able to examine in more detail the causes that led to important evolutionary changes such as the formation of the first large "mega-sites", the domestication of cattle and the introduction of pottery. The results will transform understanding of the processes that led to settled agricultural life and early urban development. The project will be centered on a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Middle East that is attracting increasing global visitor numbers due to the sustained efforts of project members and the government of Turkey. The initiatives include ambitious educational programs and a wide range of outreach activities so that the results of the research can be widely disseminated and discussed.Establishing a detailed calendar chronology for a 1000-year period 9000 years ago, will allow study (a) of the pace of change for new innovations such as pottery, milking, domestication of cattle. Researchers will be able to explore whether change comes as a constant, imperceptible stream or as a series of abrupt, punctuated revolutions. The impact of climatic change on societal development during this time period can also be examined and contrasted to other cases. A more detailed chronology will also allow insight into (b) the organization of society because the degree of contemporaneity of adjacent buildings and other structures can be assessed. Finally, it will be possible (c) to explore aspects of religion and ritual. Researchers will be able to study whether in these distant prehistoric times people had a sense of "history" in the sense that they kept and handed down important heirlooms, including animal and human heads, from generation to generation. The research will be based on excavated material from Çatalhöyük in central Turkey. The site was first excavated in the 1960s, and new excavations have continued since 1993. The site has gained renown for its size (13 ha), its well-preserved mud-brick architecture, for its dramatic wall paintings and relief sculpture, and for its 20 m of Neolithic deposits covering over 1000 years. The project will provide precise dating by using Bayesian statistical modelling to combine a series of 650 radiocarbon dates with the detailed stratigraphic record of the modern excavations.This award was made possible by the SBE-RCUK Lead Agency Agreement.

斯坦福大学的伊恩·霍德博士和英国斯特林大学的亚历克斯·贝利斯博士将进行合作研究，首次为早期社会发展建立一个详细的年表。考古学家可以获得数据，从而探索从小型移动部落到定居城镇的人类发展的大范围。但是对于早期的史前时期，考古年表有很大的误差，所以只能记录总的趋势。放射性碳年代统计分析方面的新发展使人们有了全新的见解，从而可以建立更详细的年表。这样，分辨率的历史尺度就可以应用于深层史前。通过将事件追溯到9000年前的四分之一世纪分辨率，研究人员将能够更详细地研究导致重要进化变化的原因，例如第一个大型“巨型遗址”的形成，牛的驯化和陶器的引入。研究结果将改变对导致定居农业生活和早期城市发展的过程的理解。该项目将以位于中东的联合国教科文组织世界遗产为中心，由于项目成员和土耳其政府的持续努力，该遗址吸引了越来越多的全球游客。这些倡议包括雄心勃勃的教育计划和广泛的外联活动，以便广泛传播和讨论研究结果。建立一个详细的9000年前1000年的年表，将允许研究(a)新的创新，如陶器，挤奶，驯养牛的变化速度。研究人员将能够探索变化是一种持续的、难以察觉的流动，还是一系列突然的、断断续续的革命。这段时期气候变化对社会发展的影响也可以进行考察，并与其他情况进行对比。更详细的年表也将有助于洞察(b)社会的组织，因为相邻建筑和其他结构的当代性程度可以被评估。最后，它将有可能(c)探索宗教和仪式方面。研究人员将能够研究在这些遥远的史前时代，人们是否有一种“历史感”，即他们一代一代地保存和传承重要的传家宝，包括动物和人类的头。这项研究将以土耳其中部Çatalhöyük出土的材料为基础。该遗址于20世纪60年代首次挖掘，自1993年以来，新的挖掘工作一直在继续。该遗址因其面积（13公顷），保存完好的泥砖建筑，引人注目的壁画和浮雕，以及20米的新石器时代沉积物而闻名，这些沉积物覆盖了1000多年。该项目将使用贝叶斯统计模型，将一系列650个放射性碳年代与现代发掘的详细地层记录结合起来，提供精确的年代测定。该奖项是由SBE-RCUK领导机构协议实现的。