Collaborative Research: P2C2--Reconstructing Tropical Pacific Climate Variability and Monsoon Systems, and Abrupt Changes from Ice Cores on Irian Jaya, Indonesia and Hualcan, Peru

提供资金用于恢复和分析热带太平洋冰川的冰芯，以研究热带气候的变异性，特别是与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动有关的气候现象，如南亚季风系统、突如其来的4000年干旱以及大西洋和太平洋热带风暴强度的调节。具体地说，研究人员将从印度尼西亚新几内亚岛上Irian Jaya的Puncak Jaya(PJ)上剩余的三个冰场中的两个和秘鲁科迪莱拉·布兰卡(Cordillera Blanca)的内华多·华尔坎(Nevado Hualcán)的两个冰芯中恢复四个岩芯到基岩。在气候学上，热带冰团对环境温度的微小变化特别敏感，因为它们存在于非常接近水的熔点的地方。有科学证据表明，热带地区最近出现了强烈的变暖，高海拔地区的冰盖和冰川消失并迅速消退就是标志。未来可能发生的气候变化的大气环流模型表明，气候变暖将在高海拔地区增长最快，尤其是在这些冰川所在的热带纬度地区。对Puncak Jaya和Hualcán冰场的研究，无论是对冰芯的分析，还是对冰川本身面积和体积变化的测量，都产生了科学兴趣，部分原因是需要将最近加速的冰消退放在更长的时间视角中。此外，对Hualcán冰芯的分析和伴随的物质平衡研究将有助于提供有关秘鲁水资源的关键信息。冰川径流为秘鲁的小溪和河流提供水源，是灌溉、水力发电(占秘鲁S发电量的80%)和市政供水所必需的。计划中的项目支持学生努力扩展我们跨越时间和空间的气候基础知识。这项研究还提供了几个国家的学术界、非政府组织和政府之间真正的智力和财务合作。

Funding is provided to recover and analyze ice cores from glaciers in the tropical Pacific to examine tropical climate variability especially El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) linked climate phenomena such as the Austral-Asian monsoon system, the abrupt 4,000 year drought, and the modulation of Atlantic and Pacific tropical storm intensities. Specifically, the researchers will recover four cores to bedrock from the two of the three remaining ice fields on Puncak Jaya (PJ) in Irian Jaya, Indonesia on the Island of New Guinea and two cores from Nevado Hualcán in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Climatologically, tropical ice masses are particularly sensitive to small changes in ambient temperatures since they exist very close to the melting point of water. Scientific evidence exists for recent and strong warming in the tropics that is signaled by the disappearance and rapid retreat of ice caps and glaciers at high elevations. General circulation models of possible future climate change indicate that warming will increase most rapidly at higher altitudes and especially in the tropical latitudes where these glaciers are located. Scientific interest in the study of the Puncak Jaya and Hualcán ice fields, both in the analysis of the cores and in the measurements of area and volume changes of the glaciers themselves, arises in part from the need to place the recent and accelerating ice retreat into a longer temporal perspective.Furthermore, the analyses of the Hualcán ice cores and accompanying mass balance studies will help provide critical information about water resources in Peru. Runoff from glaciers feed Peru's streams and rivers and is essential for irrigation, hydroelectric production (80% of Peru?s electricity), and municipal water supplies. The planned project supports students in an effort to expand our fundamental knowledge of climate across time and space. The research also provides for true intellectual and financial collaborations between academia, non-governmental organizations, and governments in several nations.