RAPID: Forced Displacement and Violence among Chechen Migrants

这项研究询问极端主义意识形态和军事化与旷日持久的流离失所有什么关系。该项目选择了吉尔吉斯斯坦托克莫克的一个车臣流亡社区作为研究地点，在那里它将探索这一问题。这项研究是在塔梅尔兰和焦哈尔·察尔纳耶夫犯下暴力行为之后进行的，他们是在托克莫克出生和长大的车臣族人。人们对他们的动机有广泛的猜测，这反映了社会科学家对极端主义根源的更大辩论。这项研究探索了长期流离失所在民族民族主义和潜在的极端主义中的作用。自1944年以来，高加索地区有100多万人流离失所。然而，人们对高加索地区旷日持久的流离失所与民族主义和极端主义意识形态之间的关系知之甚少。该项目调查了三个假设：(1)吉尔吉斯斯坦流离失所的车臣人在社会上与吉尔吉斯人和俄罗斯人社区隔绝；(2)社会孤立、失业和流离失所造成的不确定性导致人们在当下普遍感到等待、停滞和“虚无”，而不是发展和进步；以及(3)流亡经历导致了一种历史叙述，从未来对有争议领土的控制来看，目前的剥夺和掠夺是框定的。为开展研究，公社将前往吉尔吉斯斯坦完成四项任务：(1)就吉尔吉斯斯坦境内被迫迁徙的历史和长期流离失所的状况采访车臣社区；(2)进行路径分析，以确定车臣社区在吉尔吉斯斯坦有多孤立；(3)就日常活动采访车臣人，特别是青年男子，包括参加街角聚会，青年男子在那里讨论政治、宗教和暴力。这项研究将揭示车臣社区的经历，车臣社区现在被视为前苏联政治冲突的主要来源。更重要的是，它将为理解为什么强迫流离失所经常引发暴力政治运动创造一个框架。

This research asks what relationship extremist ideologies and militarization have to protracted displacement. This project has chosen a Chechen exile community in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan as the research site within which it will explore this question. The research comes in the wake of the violent acts committed by Tamerlan and Dzokhar Tsarnaev, the "Boston Marathon bombers," who were ethnic Chechens born and raised in Tokmok. There has been widespread speculation about their motivations that reflect the larger debate among social scientists about the root causes of extremism. This research explores the role of protracted displacement in ethnonationalism and potential extremism.More than a million people from the Caucasus region displaced since 1944. Yet, little is known about how protracted displacement in the Caucasus is related to nationalism and extremist ideologies. This project investigates three hypotheses: (1) that displaced Chechens in Kyrgyzstan are socially isolated from the Kyrgyz and Russian communities; (2) that social isolation, unemployment and uncertainty resulting from dislocation lead to a pervasive sense of waiting, stasis and "nothingness" in the present rather than a sense of development and progress; and (3) that the experience of exile leads to a historical narrative that frames current dispossession and precarity in terms of future control over disputed territory. To conduct the research, the PI will travel to Kyrgyzstan to accomplish four tasks: (1) interviewing the Chechen community about the history of forced migration and conditions of protracted displacement in Kyrgyzstan; (2) Conducting path analysis to determine how isolated the Chechen community is in Kyrgyzstan; (3) interviewing Chechens, particularly young men, about daily activities, including participation in street corner gatherings where young men discuss politics, religion, and violence. This research will shed light on the experiences of the Chechen community, now seen as the major source of political conflict in the former USSR. More importantly, it will create a framework for understanding why forced displacement so often gives rise to violent political movements.