ATLAS Phase-I Upgrades

位于瑞士日内瓦的欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）是世界上运行中的首要粒子对撞机设施。通过记录大型强子对撞机上质子的碰撞，ATLAS实验在实验室中以最短的距离和最高的质量研究自然。 从本质上讲，它同时是世界上最强大的显微镜和实验，创造了仅在大爆炸时期存在于自然界的条件。 在那里的研究已经发现了一种新的基本粒子--希格斯玻色子。 这一发现具有如此高的科学影响力，以至于2014年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予了最先预测这种粒子存在的人。这项NSF奖项使ATLAS实验装置能够升级，以进行希格斯玻色子性质的高精度研究以及各种各样的研究。寻找解释未解决难题所需的粒子。 一个这样的难题的例子是“什么是暗物质，构成了近30%的宇宙”？ 类似的问题还有很多。接下来的三年代表了LHC物理计划的过渡，从8万亿电子伏（TeV）的碰撞能量数据采集和操作，扩展操作和数据采集几乎是能量的两倍，13-14 TeV。来自美国的一千多名科学家参与了这一科学计划的几项重大实验，该奖项为斯托尼布鲁克的纽约州立大学的霍布斯博士及其在美国三所大学的合作者提供支持，以升级ATLAS探测器，使其能够在更高的能量下以更长的时间和更高的速度继续有效地运行。这一升级将使科学家能够收集数据，以寻找新的物理学来解释随着能量增加而出现的粒子理论中的不一致性，并充分了解希格斯玻色子如何适应宇宙的基本理论。 该奖项支持的大学将建造新的仪器安装在ATLAS探测器上，这是进行实时选择和收集数据并提供更好的粒子能量测量所必需的。 除了产生推动基础科学知识的成果外，与这些升级有关的工作还培训学生、年轻研究人员和技术人员通过制定问题和程序来了解未知的东西，从而开展基础研究，并培训他们开发和操作复杂的定制电子系统和先进的计算机算法，以维持极高的数据速率和对大型、小型和小型计算机进行分类。复杂的数据集。

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva Switzerland is the world's premier particle collider facility in operation. By recording the collisions of protons at the LHC, the ATLAS experiment studies nature at the shortest distances and highest masses ever accessible in a laboratory. In essence, it is simultaneously the world's most powerful microscope and an experiment creating conditions that existed in nature only near the time of the Big Bang. Studies there have already led to discovery of a new fundamental particle, the Higgs Boson. This discovery is of such high scientific impact that the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics was given to the people who first predicted the existence of this particle.This NSF award enables upgrades of the ATLAS experimental apparatus needed for high precision studies of Higgs Boson properties and a wide variety of searches for particles needed to explain unresolved puzzles. An example of one such puzzle is "What is the dark matter which makes up nearly 30% of the universe"? There are many other similar questions. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 Teraelectronvolts (TeV) data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments.This award provides support for Dr. Hobbs at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and his collaborators at three U.S. universities to upgrade the ATLAS detector so that it can continue to operate efficiently at higher energies for a longer time and at a higher rate. This upgrade will enable scientists to collect data to search for new physics to explain inconsistencies in the particle theory that arise as the energy is increased and to fully understand how the Higgs boson fits into a fundamental theory of the universe. The universities supported by this award will build new instrumentation to be installed in the ATLAS detector, which is necessary in order to carry out a real-time selection and collection of data and provide a better measurement of particle energies. In addition to producing results which advance fundamental scientific knowledge, the work associated with these upgrades trains students, young researchers and technicians to carry out basic research by formulating questions and procedures to understand what is not known, and it also trains them to develop and operate complex, custom electronics systems and advanced computer algorithms needed to sustain extremely high data rates and classify large, complex data sets in fractions of a second.