Molecular mechanisms underlying temperature modulation of plant immunity

植物的免疫应答受到包括温度在内的环境信号的极大调节，这种调节是平衡环境应答和植物生长的一种适应性机制。关于温度如何被感知以及温度如何调节植物免疫反应的知识有限。该项目将确定温度对免疫反应的影响目标，并揭示植物利用温度调节免疫的主要策略。该项目将增强气候变化对植物生长和防御的预测能力，为培育适应变化环境的生长和防御平衡的作物植物提供指导。该项目将通过包括NSF植物基因组REU网站在内的各种项目，将教育与研究结合起来，为康奈尔大学内外的本科生（包括少数族裔）提供服务。该项目的四个目标之一将主要由本科生进行。该项目还将为一名博士后和一名研究生提供广泛的培训，由美国国家科学基金会协助研究和教学。研究、教学与学习的整合中心？程序。从这个项目中产生的发现将通过期刊出版物、会议报告和课堂教学传播，从而促进科学的进步。本项目的目标是进一步阐明免疫受体r介导的免疫反应的温度调节的分子机制。早期研究发现R蛋白具有温度传感器的功能，缺乏脱落酸可拮抗高温对R蛋白的影响。本项目将首先进一步揭示温度和脱落酸如何调节R蛋白的活性从而影响免疫。这将通过使用拟南芥自身免疫植物的基因筛选剖析调节来实现。在免疫反应中温度敏感性改变的突变体将被分离和克隆，并将研究基因的作用模式。本项目还将揭示自然种群免疫温度敏感性变化的遗传基础。这将通过调查野生拟南芥在抗病方面的温度敏感性来实现。决定温度敏感性的主要基因座将被分离。通过对R蛋白受温度和ABA调控模式的研究，以及对温度信号免疫调节的主要策略，本项目将揭示新的信号感知和信号整合机制，为植物产生对环境变化的最佳反应提供策略。

Broader significancePlant immune responses are greatly modulated by environmental signals including temperature, and this modulation is an adaptive mechanism for a balanced environmental response and plant growth. There is limited knowledge on how temperature is perceived and how it regulates plant immune responses. This project will identify targets of temperature on immune responses and reveal major strategies plants use to tune immunity to temperature. This project will enhance the prediction power of climate change on plant growth and defense and will provide guidance in breeding crop plants that have a balanced growth and defense for the changing environment. The project will integrate education with research for undergraduate students including minorities at and outside Cornell through various programs including NSF Plant Genome REU Site. One of the four aims of the project will be conducted mostly by undergraduates. This project will also provide a broad training to a postdoctoral fellow and a graduate student in research and teaching assisted by the NSF ?Center for the integration of research, teaching, and learning? program. Discoveries generated from this project will be disseminated through journal publications, conference presentations and classroom teaching, thus contributing to the advancement of science.Technical DescriptionThe goal of this project is to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature modulation of immune receptor R-mediated immune responses. Earlier studies revealed that R proteins could function as temperature sensors and deficiency of abscisic acid antagonizes the high temperature effects on R proteins. This project will first further reveal how temperature and abscisic acid regulate the activity of R proteins to affect immunity. This will be achieved by dissecting the regulation through genetic screens using Arabidopsis autoimmune plants. Mutants with altered temperature sensitivity in immune responses will be isolated and cloned, and the mode of gene action will be investigated. This project will also reveal the genetic basis of variation of temperature sensitivity of immunity in natural populations. This will be achieved by surveying wild Arabidopsis accessions for their temperature sensitivities in disease resistance. Major loci determining the temperature sensitivity will be isolated. With identification of mode of regulation of R proteins by temperature and ABA as well as major strategies in tuning immunity to temperature signals, this project will reveal new mechanisms of signal sensing and signal integration and provide strategies to generate plants with optimal responses to a changing environment.