RUI: DIVERSIFICATION AND RADIATION OF THE SPLITFINS (TELEOSTOMI: GOODEIDAE)

鲤形目（Cyprinodontiformes），俗称裂鳍鱼，是硬骨鱼类的一个不同目，由10科组成，全球分布的物种超过800种。这个群体包括鳉、孔雀鱼和剑尾鱼，在水族馆爱好者、毒理学家和癌症研究中的模式生物中都很有名。古笛鱼是一种濒危的淡水鱼，分布在墨西哥和美国西南部，由两条主要的多样化路线组成；产卵的一种不成熟的产卵的物种，一种能生下活的后代的物种。从生态学和进化的角度来看，该目的许多类群，包括胎生物种，都没有得到充分的研究。该目内各类群的进化关系尚不清楚，而古蠓科内的种属关系尚未得到充分的研究。缺乏一个健全的家族树阻碍了劈裂鳍的基础和应用研究。解决Cyprinodontiformes和Goodeidae物种之间的进化关系，将促进我们对生活史进化、形态多样化、分类学和保护的理解。研究人员将为水族养殖者和保护生物学家编写一本手册，其中包含维护和繁殖指南的建议，以保持人工饲养的优良鱼类的遗传和表型多样性。研究人员将与Goodeidae工作组合作，更新Goodeidae保护状况和趋势信息，并为面向水族馆的出版物和公约做出贡献，以促进适当的圈养Goodeidae。这些努力将加强对这些鱼类的保护工作，这对资源管理人员至关重要，特别是考虑到Goodeidae所占地区正在发生的环境变化。这个综合项目将涉及多个研究生和本科生、国际和美国合作者以及公民科学家。标本将在美国和拉丁美洲收集，对未来研究很重要的担保组织样本将存放在美国和墨西哥的研究收藏中。公民科学家将提供古蚊科所有物种的纯种幼虫标本。这些是历史上难以获得的，将用于滋养虫的扫描电镜检查，这是一种研究不足的幼虫分类特征，对该群体中不寻常的活产至关重要。本研究将基于传统的（10个位点和7000 bp序列数据）和下一代测序方法（锚定系统基因组学）构建Cyprinodontiformes和Goodeidae的系统发育树，为这些类群先前的系统发育假设提供最全面的测试。几何形态测量学和滋养层数据、化石校准和系统发育比较方法的结合将使我们更好地了解多样化的时间和在这一有趣的鱼类群体的辐射中起作用的因素。最后，该研究将根据博物馆记录和实地抽样，评估古德伊科数量和分布的变化。

The Cyprinodontiformes, commonly known as splitfins, are a diverse order of teleost fishes consisting of 10 families, and more than 800 globally distributed species. The group includes killifishes, guppies, and swordtails, and is well known among aquarium hobbyists, toxicologists, and as a model organism in cancer research. Goodeids are an imperiled group of freshwater fishes that occur in Mexico and the Southwestern United States and consist of two main lines of diversification; a depauperate group of egg laying species, and a speciose group that bear live offspring. Many groups in the order, including the viviparous (live birthing) species, are understudied from an ecological and evolutionary perspective.The evolutionary relationships of groups within the order are unclear and the relationships of the species and genera within the Goodeidae family have not been adequately studied. The lack of a robust family tree has impeded both basic and applied research on the splitfins. Resolving the evolutionary relationships within the Cyprinodontiformes, as well as within the Goodeidae species, will advance our understanding of life-history evolution, morphological diversification, taxonomy, and conservation. The researchers will write a handbook for aquarists and conservation biologists containing recommendations for maintenance and breeding guidelines for maintaining genetic and phenotypic diversity of goodeids in captivity. The researchers will work with the Goodeid Working Group to update the Goodeidae conservation status and trends information as well as contribute to aquarist-oriented publications and conventions to promote appropriate captive Goodeidae rearing. These efforts will enhance conservation efforts of these fishes which are critical to resource managers especially considering the ongoing environmental changes in the areas occupied by the Goodeidae.This integrative project will involve multiple graduate and undergraduate students, international and United States collaborators, and citizen scientists. Specimens will be collected in the United States and Latin America and the vouchered tissue samples, which are important for future studies, will be deposited in research collections in the United States and Mexico. Citizen scientists will provide pedigreed larval specimens of all species of Goodeidae. These are historically difficult to obtain and will be used for scanning electron microscopic examination of trophotaeniae, a poorly understudied larval taxonomic character that is critical to the unusual live births in this group. This study will result in the construction of phylogenetic trees for the Cyprinodontiformes and the Goodeidae based on traditional (10 loci, and 7,000bp sequence data) and next generation sequencing approaches (anchored phylogenomics), offering the most comprehensive tests of previous phylogenetic hypotheses for these groups. The incorporation of geometric morphometric and trophotaenial data, fossil calibrations, and phylogenetic comparative methods will allow for a better understanding of the timing of diversification and the factors that have played a role in radiation of this interesting group of fishes. Finally, the research will assess changes in Goodeidae abundance and distribution, based on museum records and field sampling.