Building technologies

主动空调（A/C）系统通常在需要降低热应力风险时使用，因为这些系统会影响危害，即室内气候。这些A/C系统及其性能以复杂的方式依赖于室内和室外条件。此外，这些技术手段的使用意味着对能量（热量或/和功）和水的需求，以负面的方式反馈到当地和全球的室外气候。提供可持续的低能耗A/C的必要性要求限制使用传统系统。在现代建筑物中使用被动冷却和通风技术的替代选择产生了不适合高度脆弱人群的室内气候的风险。由低温热驱动的主动式空调系统是一种有前途的第三种方式，因为可以利用可持续资源（例如太阳能或废热）。存在大量的热驱动A/C系统的概念，但没有总体的理解和设计方法。因此，该提案的重点是制定普遍适用的分析方法，据认为，这些方法有助于全面了解和进行公平的系统比较，并能够方便地反馈到加州大学洛杉矶分校的其他研究模块。伴随的数值模拟用于详细验证的半解析特征函数，这将被开发来描述的有效性和效率的灵敏度方面的热应力风险和需求的工作，热和水。

Active air-conditioning (A/C)-systems typically are employed whenever the heat-stress risk needs to be decreased, as these impact on the hazard, namely on the indoor climate. These A/C-systems and their performance are dependent both on indoor and outdoor conditions in a complex way. Moreover, the use of these technical means implies demand of energy (heat or/and work) and water, feeding back in a negative way on the outdoor climate, both locally and globally. The necessity to provide sustainable low-energy A/C calls for a restrictive use of conventional systems. The alternative option of using passive cooling and ventilation techniques in modern buildings generates the risk of an indoor-climate that is not suitable for highly vulnerable persons. Active A/C-systems driven by lowtemperature heat are a promising third way as sustainable resources (e.g. solar or waste heat) can be employed. There exists a multitude of concepts of thermally driven A/C-system but no overarching understanding and design methodology. Therefore, the proposal is focused on the development of universally applicable analytical methodologies, which are considered to foster a comprehensive understanding and allow for a fair systems’ comparison, with the ability of an easy feedback into the other research modules of UCAHS. Accompanying numerical simulations are used for a detailed validation of semi-analytical characteristic functions, which will be developed to describe the sensitivity of effectiveness and efficiency with regard to heat-stress risks and demand of work, heat, and water.