SHINE: Investigating the Dynamics of Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun using Advanced Image Processing and Stereoscopy Techniques

日冕物质抛射（CME）代表了来自太阳的最大，最动态的现象。CME也是地球上地磁风暴的最大驱动力，它可以破坏卫星或地面技术。 预测它们如何以及何时可能影响我们的星球，需要了解控制它们爆发和通过行星际空间传播的物理学知识。 该项目整合了发现、尖端技术和观察以及国际合作的要素，为这一重大经济和社会问题提供了新的见解。具体而言，该项目旨在利用新近开发的日冕图像处理和立体技术对日冕进行多视点观测，以获得对日冕物质抛射的详细结构和演变的新见解。该项目将主要由共同研究员执行，他是夏威夷大学的博士后研究员，在首席研究员的指导下，从而促进对早期职业科学家的研究培训。 来自联合王国和爱尔兰的国际合作者也将为该项目作出贡献。该项目涉及改进方法的开发，用于确定CME运动的动力学，并量化相关的不确定性，这被证明是成功的，以更高的置信度揭示CME运动学的真实趋势。这些技术也显示出巨大的希望，探索可能的CME偏转和不对称膨胀，因为它们通过空间传播。具体而言，该项目将应用CORIMP CME探测过程的先进图像处理方法，结合最近开发的椭圆连接点技术，对CME结构和多个事件的演变进行三维分析。简而言之，CORIMP通过动态分离过程和多尺度边缘检测算法来表征单个图像中CME的结构，以研究它们在空间中传播和演变的动态。最近开发的用于日冕物质抛射三维重建的椭圆连接点技术，目前正在扩展到SOHO和STEREO日冕物质抛射图像的组合使用，以便在STEREO使命寿命期间表征日冕物质抛射的形态。随着航天器继续在其轨道上分离，它们现在从太阳的远端提供独特的观测，而SOHO则从其位于地球附近的L1位置提供持续观测。该项目的一个具体目标是生成立体声使命7年多来观察到的所有候选日冕物质抛射的三维重建。

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) represent the largest, most dynamic phenomena that originate from the Sun. CMEs are also the biggest drivers of geomagnetic storms here on Earth that can damage satellites or ground-based technology. Predicting how and when they might impact our planet requires knowledge of the physics governing their eruption and propagation through inter-planetary space. This project integrates elements of discovery, cutting-edge techniques and observations, and international collaboration to provide new insights on this topic of great economic and societal concern. Specifically, the project seeks to obtain new insight into the detailed structure and evolution of CMEs, using newly developed coronal image processing and stereoscopic techniques on multi-viewpoint observations of the solar corona that have only recently become available. The project will mostly be carried out by the co-investigator who is a postdoctoral fellow at University of Hawaii, under the mentor ship of the principal investigator, thereby promoting the research training of an early career scientist. International collaborators from United Kingdom and Ireland will also contribute to the project. This project concerns the development of improved methods for determining the dynamics of CME motion, and quantifying the associated uncertainties, which are proving successful for revealing the true trends in CME kinematics with much higher confidence than previously possible. These techniques also show great promise for exploring possible CME deflection and asymmetric expansion as they propagate through space. Specifically, the project will apply the advanced image processing methods of the CORIMP CME detection process, which combined with the recently developed elliptical tie-pointing technique allow for a three-dimensional analysis of CME structure and evolution for multiple events. Briefly stated, CORIMP characterizes the structure of CMEs in individual images via a dynamic separation process and multi-scale edge-detection algorithm, to study the dynamics of their propagation and evolution through space. The recently developed elliptical tie-pointing technique for 3D reconstructions of CMEs, is now being extended for use on combined SOHO and STEREO coronagraph images, in order to characterize CME morphology throughout the STEREO mission lifetime. As the spacecrafts have continued to separate in their orbits, they now provide unique observations from the far-side of the Sun, while SOHO provides ongoing observations from its location at L1 near Earth. A specific goal of the project is to generate 3D reconstructions of all candidate CMEs observed across the 7+ years of the STEREO mission.