RAPID: Multiwavelength Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Corona During the 2023 April 20 Total Solar Eclipse

RAPID：2023 年 4 月 20 日日全食期间日冕的多波长成像和光谱学

• 批准号: 2303171
• 负责人: Shadia Habbal
• 金额: $ 19.95万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303171&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Multiwavelength; Imaging; Spectroscopy; Corona

Solar eclipses provide a rare opportunity to learn about the solar corona. This outer layer of the Sun is a mystery – it is millions of degrees and much hotter than the photosphere below it. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project will observe the 2023 April 20 total solar eclipse over Exmouth in Western Australia. The observations will observe coronal structures and will be compared with the High Altitude Observatory’s Upgraded Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter data and to in situ measurements from NASA’s Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. Team members will be actively engaged in outreach and graduate students will be trained in this research area.Total solar eclipses enable an uninterrupted spatial coverage of coronal structures from the solar surface out to several solar radii with coronal emission in the near ultraviolet, visible and near infrared, composed of radiatively excited emission lines, as well as continuum scattering by electrons and dust. Spectral line and continuum emission can yield the electron and ion temperature, density, ionic abundance, non-thermal motions and outflows of different coronal plasma constituents, hence valuable insights into the dynamics and thermodynamics of different manifestations of coronal heating processes. Ubiquitous sources of Fe 10+ emission at ∼ 1.2 MK throughout the corona are found to be invariably linked to 300 to 700 km/s in situ solar wind streams in observations spanning three solar cycles. These multiwavelength observations also unveil the role of prominence dynamics in driving plasma instabilities and CMEs, as well as releasing cool material embedded within CME fronts as they expand, in tandem, into interplanetary space. The proposed imaging and spectroscopic instrumentation for the 2023 April 20 total solar eclipse will enable the characterization of the thermodynamic properties of different ionic and neutral species during the rising activity phase of solar cycle 25.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

日食提供了了解日冕的难得机会。太阳的外层是一个谜——它的温度有数百万度，而且比它下面的光球层热得多。该快速响应研究 (RAPID) 项目将观测 2023 年 4 月 20 日西澳大利亚埃克斯茅斯上空的日全食。这些观测将观察日冕结构，并将与高空天文台升级的日冕多通道旋光仪数据以及美国宇航局帕克太阳探测器和太阳轨道飞行器的现场测量数据进行比较。团队成员将积极参与该研究领域的推广活动，研究生也将接受培训。日全食能够不间断地空间覆盖从太阳表面到几个太阳半径的日冕结构，日冕发射的波长范围为近紫外、可见光和近红外，由辐射激发的发射线以及电子和尘埃的连续散射组成。谱线和连续发射可以产生电子和离子的温度、密度、离子丰度、非热运动和不同日冕等离子体成分的流出，因此对日冕加热过程的不同表现形式的动力学和热力学有有价值的见解。在跨越三个太阳周期的观测中，发现整个日冕中无处不在的约 1.2 MK 的 Fe 10+ 排放源总是与 300 至 700 km/s 的原位太阳风流有关。这些多波长观测还揭示了突出动力学在驱动等离子体不稳定性和日冕物质抛射中的作用，以及在日冕物质抛射前沿一起膨胀到行星际空间时释放嵌入在日冕物质抛射前沿的冷物质。拟议的 2023 年 4 月 20 日日全食成像和光谱仪器将能够表征太阳周期 25 上升活动阶段不同离子和中性物质的热力学性质。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。