Quantum entanglement in Many-Body Systems

该奖项支持理论研究和教育，旨在调查纠缠（量子力学的基本概念）如何用于推进对许多粒子系统（如电子和原子）的量子力学状态的理解。两个在空间中分离得很好的粒子的量子力学状态可以交织在一起，导致爱因斯坦所说的“幽灵般的超距作用”。量子纠缠的概念现在正在作为一个新的透镜出现，通过它来观察许多相互作用的量子力学粒子的系统。量子纠缠熵的新概念使纠缠可以被量化，在过去的5-10年里，它已经成为几个领域的交汇点，包括量子信息科学、量子计算、量子引力、冷原子气体和凝聚态物理。纠缠熵可以作为区分不同量子力学状态的有力诊断。它被证明在许多粒子系统的计算机模拟中特别有用。该奖项支持了PI的目标，即推进量子纠缠的概念基础，并将探索纠缠可能违背传统智慧的例子，即温度“洗掉”了材料特性中的量子力学特征——甚至可能在普通的水中。PI将继续努力，通过可访问的公开讲座，将量子计算带给公众。量子计算旨在准备和操纵量子力学状态，以执行计算机的逻辑操作。该奖项支持理论研究和教育，旨在研究当代量子凝聚态物理三个重要领域的新型集体量子现象和量子纠缠。对多体纠缠的进一步了解无疑将对在实验室中控制量子信息的持续努力产生影响。在这个项目中，PI将主要集中在三个方面的研究工作：1。通过形成和凝聚双子，电荷和磁荷的束缚态，开发和改进一种新的方法来获取强相关系统的新相位，包括玻色子、自旋和费米子。寻求访问和探索莫特跃迁，金属和莫特绝缘体之间的量子相变。莫特跃迁将采用最先进的数值模拟和理论相结合的方法来研究。开启了探索多体量子系统有限能量密度态纠缠的新努力，重点关注波函数符号结构中体现的纠缠。一旦充分考虑到量子效应，在有限温度流体中可能出现的新现象将在天体物理学的背景下进行探索，并可能产生影响。PI将继续努力，通过可访问的公开讲座，将量子计算、令人兴奋的材料相关现象和新状态物质带给公众。

NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education aimed to investigate how entanglement, a fundamental concept of quantum mechanics, can be used to advance understanding of quantum mechanical states of many particle systems such as electrons and atoms. The quantum mechanical states of two particles that are well separated in space can be intertwined leading to what appeared to Einstein as "spooky action at a distance." The concept of quantum entanglement is now emerging as a new lens through which to view systems of many, interacting quantum mechanical particles. The novel concept of quantum entanglement entropy allows entanglement to be quantified, and in the past 5-10 years has served as a meeting point at the intersection of several fields, including quantum information science, quantum computing, quantum gravity, cold atomic gases and condensed matter physics. Entanglement entropy can serve as a powerful diagnostic to distinguish different quantum mechanical states. It is proving especially useful in computer simulations of systems of many particle systems. This award supports the PI in his aim to advance the conceptual underpinnings of quantum entanglement, and will explore instances when entanglement might defy the conventional wisdom that temperature "washes away" characteristic signatures of quantum mechanics in the properties of materials - perhaps even in ordinary water. The PI will continue his efforts to bring quantum computing, which seeks to prepare and manipulate quantum mechanical states to perform the logic operations of a computer, to the general public through accessible public lectures.TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education aimed to investigate novel collective quantum phenomena and quantum entanglement in three important areas of contemporary quantum condensed matter physics. Increased understanding of many-body entanglement will undoubtedly have impact on continuing efforts to control quantum information in the laboratory. In this project, the PI will focus primarily on three research efforts:1. Developing and refining a new approach to access novel phases of strongly correlated systems of bosons, spins, and fermions by forming and condensing dyons, bound states of electrical and magnetic charges.2. Seeking to access and explore the Mott transition, a quantum phase transition between a metal and a Mott insulator. The Mott transition will be approached by using a combination of state-of-the art numerical simulations and theory.3. Initiating a new effort exploring entanglement of finite energy-density states of many-body quantum systems, focusing on the entanglement embodied in the wavefunction sign structure. Possible new phenomena, that might occur in finite-temperature fluids once quantum effects are fully taken into account, will be explored with possible implications in the context of astrophysics.The PI will continue his efforts to bring quantum computing, exciting materials-related phenomena, and novel states matter to the general public through accessible public lectures.