CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Intelligent Context-Aware Peer-to-Peer Transaction Brokering

通过前所未有的社会和实际行动的整合，点对点交换正在改变经济活动。这个项目将产生一个更有效的模式的全面实施，可以在许多社会和经济领域加以仿效。点对点交换是公民直接交换商品和服务，由中介实体中介，通常体现为信息系统。它是一种整合经济和社会互动的新兴范式，为创新创造了许多可能性。它包含了多种服务，如乘车共享、日常任务共享、教科书共享、住宿共享、汽车共享、共享停车、当地食物交换、共享家庭用品、交换家常饭菜、共享工作空间和专业知识、时间银行和市政发展。这些应用程序中的许多都利用了闲置的资源，如停放的汽车、空卧室和空闲时间，从而提高了经济活动的效率和可持续性。它们的数量和规模迅速增长；它们现在被统称为“合作经济”。许多点对点交易涉及到“及时”共享商品和服务，也就是说，在某人需要某物而其他人准备好提供它的时候精确地共享。因此，点对点交换成功的一个关键是提供者/提供者和接受者/请求者之间的密切协调。在美国国家科学基金会最近的一个项目中，当前研究小组的成员使用智能手机客户端调查了移动时间银行，这是一个系统，在这个系统中，社区成员可以自愿完成他们准备好的特定工作时间，以换取其他社区成员的劳动时间，每个小时都是平等计算的。一个关键的挑战是在安排“及时”的服务交换方面缺乏协调。这项新的研究将探讨计算方法，以协调协作的相互作用介导的上下文智能。还将研究哪种类型的用户、任务和交互信息有助于有效的“及时”服务交换，以及用户如何适应和体验这些交换。一项大型现场试验将调查上下文感知的点对点事务代理的采用、可用性和利用情况，并将提供结果的早期报告，并帮助各种组织实现已被证明有效的技术。该研究将扩展当前对参与有益经济交易动机的理解，通过此类交易形成社会联系，以及如何通过情境感知技术培养实际帮助行为来增强主观幸福感。主要目标是确定情境促进点对点交换的策略，以激活经济交换活动，支持新型交换，同时增强交换互动的社会后果和伴随物。

Peer-to-peer exchange is transforming economic activity, through unprecedented integration of social and practical action. This project will produce a full-scale implementation of a more efficient model of it that can be emulated across many social and economic domains. Peer-to-peer exchange is the direct exchange of goods and services by citizens, mediated by a brokering entity, typically embodied as an information system. It is an emerging paradigm that integrates economic and social interaction, creating many possibilities for innovation. It encompasses diverse services such as ride sharing, everyday tasks, textbook sharing, accommodation sharing , car sharing , sharing parking, local food exchange, sharing household items, exchanging home-cooked meals, sharing workspace and expertise, timebanking, and municipal development . Many of these applications make use of otherwise wasted resources such as parked cars, empty bedrooms, and idle time, increasing the efficiency and sustainability of economic activity. Their number and size have mushroomed; they are now referred to collectively as the "collaborative economy." Many peer-to-peer exchanges involve sharing goods and services "just in time," that is, sharing precisely when someone needs something and someone else is prepared to provide it. Thus, one key to the success of peer-to-peer exchanges is close coordination of providers/offerers and recipients/requesters. In a recent NSF project, members of the current research team investigated mobile timebanking using smartphone clients, a system in which members of a community can volunteer specific hours of labor they are well prepared to perform, in exchange for hours of labor from other community members, counting each hour equally. A key challenge was a lack of coordination in arranging "just in time" service exchanges. This new research will investigate computational approaches to coordinating collaborative interactions mediated by contextual intelligence. Also studied will be what sorts of user, task, and interaction information facilitate effective "just in time" service exchanges, and how users appropriate and experience these exchanges. A large field trial will investigate the adoption, usability, and utilization of context-aware peer-to-peer transaction brokering and will provide early reports of results and help a variety of organizations implement techniques that have been shown to work. The research will extend current understanding of motivations for engaging in helpful economic transactions, the formation of social connections through such transactions, and of how to enhance subjective wellbeing by fostering practical helping behaviors through context-aware technology. A prime objective is to identify strategies for contextually facilitated peer-to-peer exchange that can energize economic exchange activity, and support new kinds of exchange, while enhancing social consequences and concomitants of exchange interactions.