Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Economic Implications Of Lithic Technological Organization

考古学的一个中心目标是了解导致当今世界大规模社会分层社会发展的过程。有哪些经济和其他机制使大批个人成功地发挥作用并融入社会？在Marcello Canuto博士（PI）的指导下，Rachel A。霍洛维茨（合作PI）将分析来自伯利兹卡勒溪采石场现场的石器和陶瓷材料。 将被分析的材料是在2011-2013年由Horowitz女士指导的调查中收集的。 位于伯利兹西部靠近伯利兹/危地马拉边境的卡勒溪采石场是生产石器的原材料来源。 这个采石场被居住在附近的古玛雅人使用，大约从公元前2000年到公元1000年。 对采石场材料的研究将考察古代玛雅经济;玛雅人之间如何进行商品交换尚不清楚。 最近的研究表明，不同类型的物品在不同个人的控制下通过各种交换机制流通。 例如，精英人士被认为对玉石有控制，而食物被认为是广泛可用的。 该项目将研究燧石资源如何在古玛雅经济中发挥作用，以了解燧石商品在古玛雅经济中的作用。 玛雅经济组织的性质很重要，原因有几个。 这项研究特别将增加我们对精英和非精英个人在玛雅经济中的作用的理解，并研究内陆地区或远离主要城市的地区如何融入区域经济。 内地居民的作用很重要，因为在日益全球化的经济中，内地个人的融合变得必要。 这个项目从一个独特的角度，即石器材料的角度，考察了古代玛雅经济。 在中美洲，石制原料的提取通常是石制技术中未得到充分研究的一个环节。 这项研究将寻求有更广泛的影响，无论是在社区内的研究是执行，并在美国。 这项研究所产生的信息将通过在伯利兹举行的公开介绍会传播，参加者包括来自不同国家的学者、对考古学感兴趣的当地居民以及向游客传播信息的导游。 在美国的演讲将发生在地方，区域和专业会议。 研究及其结论将在同行评审期刊上发表。 调查的原始数据将使用tDAR（数字考古记录）发布在互联网上，以便公众可以访问这些信息。 这个项目将为霍洛维茨女士作为考古学家的职业生涯做好准备。除了进一步的共同PI的教育，本科生参加伯利兹实地学校将指示有关岩性和岩性技术的分析。 石器分析是一种有形的考古技能，既可以在学生？进一步的研究和商业考古。

A central goal of archaeology is to understand the process which led to the development of large scale socially stratified societies which characterize the world today. What are the mechanisms, economic and otherwise which led to the successful functioning and integration of large groups of individuals? The goal of this project is to gain insight into their development.Under the guidance of Dr. Marcello Canuto (PI), Rachel A. Horowitz (co-PI) will analyze lithic and ceramic materials from the site of Callar Creek Quarry, Belize. The materials which will be analyzed were collected in investigations from 2011-2013 directed by Ms. Horowitz. Callar Creek Quarry, located near the Belize/Guatemala border in western Belize, is a source of raw materials for the production of stone tools. The quarry was used by ancient Maya living nearby from roughly 2000 BC - AD 1000. The study of quarry materials will examine the ancient Maya economy; how commodities were exchanged among the Maya is poorly understood. Recent research has suggested that different types of objects circulated through a variety of exchange mechanisms under the control of various individuals. For example, elite individuals are thought to have controlled access to jade, while food is thought to have been widely available. The project will examine how chert resources functioned in the ancient Maya economy to see the role of chert commodities in the ancient Maya economy. The nature of Maya economic organization is important for several reasons. This study in particular will increase our understanding of the role of elite and non-elite individuals in the Maya economy and examine how hinterland areas, or those areas distant from major cities, were integrated into a regional economy. The role of hinterland residents is important because in an increasingly globalized economy, the integration of hinterland individuals becomes necessary. This project examines the ancient Maya economy from a unique angle, that of lithic materials. The extraction of lithic raw materials is generally an understudied segment of lithic technology in Mesoamerica. This research will seek to have a broader impact, both within the community in which the research is performed, and within the United States. The information produced in this research will be disseminated through public presentations in Belize, which are attended by scholars from a variety of countries, local residents interested in archaeology, and tour guides who disseminate the information to tourists. Presentations in the United States will occur at local, regional, and professional conferences. Publication of the research and its conclusions will occur in peer reviewed journals. The raw data from the investigations will be posted on the internet using tDAR (the Digital Archaeological Record) so that the information is accessible to the general public. This project will prepare Ms. Horowitz for her career as an archaeologist. In addition to furthering the education of the co-PI, undergraduate students attending a field school in Belize will be instructed about lithics and the analysis of lithic technology. Lithic analysis is a tangible archaeological skill which can be utilized both in the students? further studies and in commercial archaeology.