RAPID: Re-organization of Philippine Rainforest Biodiversity Following Disturbance on Regional Scales from a Powerful Typhoon

该研究奖项将利用2013年菲律宾超强台风海雅的独特事件来了解大规模自然灾害对脊椎动物种群和物种的生存和潜在恢复的影响。这是在台风发生之前，研究小组在菲律宾群岛进行了5年的脊椎动物综合调查的基础上得出的结论。这项工作很重要，因为以前没有进行过这样的研究，它们可以告诉我们很多关于当地灭绝、殖民、适应和恢复或种群和物种灭绝的过程。在全球环境变化的时代，这些研究为社会和资源管理者提供了宝贵的经验例子，说明生物多样性对特定灾难性环境变化的反应是什么，以及如何最好地进行未来规划。第一个研究目标是提供一个即时的“台风后”物种和丰度调查数据集，以补充之前偶然的5年努力。这个研究小组有10多个经过充分研究的地点，他们已经开发了全面的清单，他们将评估台风造成的物种群落变化。所有的调查方法都是基于在菲律宾经过验证的实地研究项目。研究小组侦察地点，建立营地，点燃横断面，构建陷阱阵列(针对哺乳动物的陷阱和活陷阱；针对哺乳动物，两栖动物和爬行动物的陷阱，陷阱，漏斗陷阱和粘合剂陷阱；收集和处理活体动物，收集所有相关数据，拍摄标本，筛选脊椎动物的寄生虫，保存遗传样本，并准备现代博物馆标本，包括相关的生态和微生境数据。重新调查将与从两个空间分辨率的卫星图像中开发的植被变化分析联系起来，允许广泛扩展基于点的调查结果，以推断台风对整个菲律宾群岛的影响。第二个主要目标是在标准化调查方法和数据分析框架方面培训一批合作科学家，为2014年调查后3年、5年和10年的一系列可持续后续研究奠定基础。这将通过(1)在菲律宾建立一个由参与研究人员、学生、地方政府单位和保护非政府组织组成的合作网络来完成；（二）允许采集、输出生物标本的现行有效的研究许可；(3)在几所主要大学和菲律宾国家博物馆建立后勤基础设施和主办赞助；（四）设备、用品和随时可用的四轮驱动野战车；(5)研究活跃的国内同行，并与NSF PI获奖者有良好的合作记录。通过让来自美国和菲律宾的学生（以及他们的导师）参与这项研究，确保了多学术代际合作，最大限度地提高了培训和能力建设，以实现研究目标。

This research award will use the unique event of the 2013 hyper-typhoon Haiya in the Philippines to learn about the impacts of massive, natural catastrophes on the survival and potential recovery of vertebrate animal populations and species. This is premised on the fact that the research team had been conducting comprehensive vertebrate species surveys for about five years in the Philippine archipelago immediately prior to the recent typhoon. This work is important because such studies have not been conducted before, and they can tell us a great deal about the processes of local extirpation, colonization, adaptation and recovery or extinction of both populations and species. In a time of global environmental change, such studies provide society and resource managers with valuable empirical examples of what can be expected regarding the responses of biological diversity to particular catastrophic environmental changes, and how planning for the future might best proceed.The first research objective is to provide an immediate "after the typhoon" species and abundance survey dataset to complement the prior, fortuitous 5 year effort. The research team has over 10 well-studied sites for which comprehensive inventories are already developed, and where they will assess species community changes caused by the typhoon. All survey methods are based on a proven field research program in the Philippines. The research team scouts sites, establishes camps, blazes transects, constructs trapping arrays (snap traps and live traps for mammals; pit fall traps, funnel traps, and adhesive traps for mammals, amphibians, and reptiles; and mist nets and harp traps for birds and bats), collects and handles live animals, collects all relevant data, photographs specimens, screens vertebrates for parasites, preserves genetic samples, and prepares modern museum specimens including associated ecological and microhabitat data. Resurveys will be linked to analyses of vegetation change developed from satellite imagery at two spatial resolutions, permitting broad extension of the point-based survey results to infer effects of the typhoon across the entire Philippine archipelago. The second main goal is to train a cohort of collaborating scientists in standardized survey methodology and data analysis frameworks to set the stage for a sustainable series of follow-up studies 3, 5, and 10 years after the 2014 surveys. This will be accomplished using (1) an established collaborative network in the Philippines of participating researchers, students, local government units, and conservation NGOs; (2) currently valid research permissions that allow for collection and export of biological specimens; (3) established logistical infrastructure and host sponsorship at several major universities and the national museum of the Philippines; (4) equipment, supplies, and a 4-wheel drive field vehicle ready for immediate use; and (5) research-active in-country counterparts with a proven track record of working with the NSF PI awardees. By involving students from both the U.S. and the Philippines (and their advisors) the research ensures a multi-academic-generational collaboration that maximizes training and capacity building to achieve research objectives.