Application of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in Mainstream Municipal Wastewater Treatment

亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化（anammox）技术自20世纪90年代被发现以来，已广泛应用于高氮废水的处理。该工艺比传统的处理技术更具成本效益，并已被深入研究用于城市污水或浓缩物处理。由于所涉及的微生物的缓慢生长速率，通常使用具有高生物质保留的系统，例如生物膜反应器或基于颗粒的序批式反应器（SBR）。亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺目前的应用局限于铵浓度> 500 mg-N l-1和温度约30 °C的废水。然而，完全脱氮而不需要有机碳，此外能耗更低，对于主流城市污水处理也非常有意义。因此，本项目的主要目标是实现亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化在低温/低基质条件下的应用，两种不同的反应器类型，SBR（悬浮污泥系统）和MBBR（生物膜反应器系统）。关键问题是一方面在这些条件下厌氧氨氧化反应的稳定性，另一方面使不必要的亚硝酸盐氧化最小化。逐步降低铵负载和温度将用于使生物质适应所需条件。氧限制策略和pH值控制将作为主要的监管手段，以维持最佳的生物质组成和限制好氧亚硝酸盐氧化。

Nitritation combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been widely applied in treatment of high nitrogenous wastewaters since its discovery in the 1990s. This process is more cost efficient than conventional treatment technologies and has been studied intensively for municipal reject water or centrate treatment. Due to the slow growth rate of the involved microorganisms systems with high biomass retention such as biofilm reactors or granular based sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are often employed. The current applications of nitritation-anammox processes are confined to wastewaters with ammonium concentrations of > 500 mg-N l-1 and temperatures around 30 °C. Complete nitrogen removal without the need for organic carbon and in addition less energy consumption is, however, also highly interesting for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment. The main goal of this project is thus to realize the application of nitritation-anammox at low temperature/low substrate conditions with two different reactor types, SBR (suspended sludge system) and MBBR (biofilm reactor system). The key questions are the stabilization of the anammox reaction under these conditions on the one side and the minimization of unwanted nitrite oxidation on the other side. Stepwise reduction of ammonium loading and temperature will be used to acclimate the biomass to the desired condition. Oxygen limitation strategies and pH control will be applied as main regulatory instruments to sustain an optimal biomass composition and limit aerobic nitrite oxidation.