Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)

南大洋碳与气候观测和模拟(SOCCOM)项目旨在推动我们对南大洋在吸收人为碳和热量以及将营养物质从深渊补给到海面方面的关键作用的认识发生革命性的转变。一项观测计划将产生大量新的生物地球化学数据，这些数据将大大改善对南大洋的动态和生态系统反应的看法。一个模拟组件将应用这些观测来加强对当前海洋的了解，减少对未来碳、营养循环和气候预测的不确定性。由于南大洋是海洋中、深和底层与表层和大气相互作用的主要门户，南大洋对海洋对人为碳和热量的吸收以及从深渊到表面的营养物质再供应具有深远的影响。然而，它是世界海洋中观察和了解最少的地区。海洋学界正处于两项重大进展的风口浪尖，这两项进展有可能改变人们对南大洋的理解。第一个是开发安装在自主剖面浮标上的新的生物地球化学传感器，使其能够在3维空间以5至10天的时间分辨率对海洋生物地球化学和酸化进行采样。拟议的SOCCOM浮标计划将使南大洋每月平均测量的生物地球化学剖面数量增加约10-30倍。第二，气候模型界现在拥有计算资源和物理理解，可以开发完全耦合的气候模型，可以代表南大洋的关键中尺度过程，以及相应的模型，可以同化观测结果，以产生状态估计。与观测结果一起，这一新一代模式提供了极大地提高对南大洋过程的理解的工具，以及定量评估人为碳和热量的吸收以及营养物质再补充的能力。为了利用上述技术和模拟突破，SOCCOM将实施以下研究方案：*主题1：观测。斯克里普斯海洋研究所将领导一个实地项目，扩大南大洋自主剖面浮标的数量，并为它们配备传感器，以测量pH值、硝酸盐和氧气。华盛顿大学和蒙特利湾水族馆研究所将设计、建造和监督花车的部署。斯克里普斯还将开发一个中尺度的南大洋涡旋状态估计，将物理和生物地球化学数据同化到麻省理工学院的海洋环流模型中。*主题2：建模。亚利桑那大学和普林斯顿大学将与NOAA的地球物理流体动力学实验室(GFDL)一起，利用SOCCOM观测来开发数据/模型评估指标和下一代模型分析和评估，目标是提高对过程水平的理解，并减少对我们未来气候预测的不确定性。气候中心是一个独立的、非营利性的新闻和研究组织，旨在促进对气候科学的理解。SOCCOM将与教育工作者和媒体专业人员合作，向政策制定者和公众通报气候变化的挑战及其对南大洋海洋生物的影响。此外，SOCCOM科学家和教育工作者的综合团队将：*通过现有的数据网络、出版物、广播媒体和公共门户网站向公众迅速传达SOCCOM工作的数据和结果；*培训新一代多样化的海洋科学家，包括精通现场技术、数据校准、建模和与非科学家的研究交流的本科生、研究生和博士后研究员；*向自主仪器供应商和制造商转让新的传感器技术和相关软件，以确保它们得到广泛使用。

Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project seeks to drive a transformative shift in our understanding of the crucial role of the Southern Ocean in taking up anthropogenic carbon and heat, and resupplying nutrients from the abyss to the surface. An observational program will generate vast amounts of new biogeochemical data that will provide a greatly improved view of the dynamics and ecosystem responses of the Southern Ocean. A modeling component will apply these observations to enhancing understanding of the current ocean, reducing uncertainty in projections of future carbon and nutrient cycles and climate.Because it serves as the primary gateway through which the intermediate, deep, and bottom waters of the ocean interact with the surface layers and thus the atmosphere, the Southern Ocean has a profound influence on the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon and heat as well as nutrient resupply from the abyss to the surface. Yet it is the least observed and understood region of the world ocean. The oceanographic community is on the cusp of two major advances that have the potential to transform understanding of the Southern Ocean. The first is the development of new biogeochemical sensors mounted on autonomous profiling floats that allow sampling of ocean biogeochemistry and acidification in 3-dimensional space with a temporal resolution of five to ten days. The SOCCOM float program proposed will increase the average number of biogeochemical profiles measured per month in the Southern Ocean by ~10-30x. The second is that the climate modeling community now has the computational resources and physical understanding to develop fully coupled climate models that can represent crucial mesoscale processes in the Southern Ocean, as well as corresponding models that assimilate observations to produce a state estimate. Together with the observations, this new generation of models provides the tools to vastly improve understanding of Southern Ocean processes and the ability to quantitatively assess uptake of anthropogenic carbon and heat, as well as nutrient resupply, both today and into the future.In order to take advantage of the above technological and modeling breakthroughs, SOCCOM will implement the following research programs:* Theme 1: Observations. Scripps Institution of Oceanography will lead a field program to expand the number of Southern Ocean autonomous profiling floats and equip them with sensors to measure pH, nitrate, and oxygen. The University of Washington and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute will design, build, and oversee deployment of the floats. Scripps will also develop a mesoscale eddying Southern Ocean state estimate that assimilates physical and biogeochemical data into the MIT ocean general circulation model.* Theme 2: Modeling. University of Arizona and Princeton University, together with NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), will use SOCCOM observations to develop data/model assessment metrics and next-generation model analysis and evaluation, with the goal of improving process level understanding and reducing the uncertainty in projections of our future climate.Led by Climate Central, an independent, non-profit journalism and research organization that promotes understanding of climate science, SOCCOM will collaborate with educators and media professionals to inform policymakers and the public about the challenges of climate change and its impacts on marine life in the context of the Southern Ocean. In addition, the integrated team of SOCCOM scientists and educators will:* communicate data and results of the SOCCOM efforts quickly to the public through established data networks, publications, broadcast media, and a public portal;* train a new generation of diverse ocean scientists, including undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows versed in field techniques, data calibration, modeling, and communication of research to non-scientists;* transfer new sensor technology and related software to autonomous instrument providers and manufacturers to ensure that they become widely useable.