MRI: Acquisition of an Acoustic Wave Glider

液体机器人公司制造的声波滑翔机是一种移动的、无人驾驶的、安静的海洋表面飞行器，用于研究海洋声景和探测声学标记的海洋动物。该滑翔机由太阳能光伏板充电的电池提供动力，并由波浪作用推动，因此可以以非常低的成本实现长期无人驾驶任务。该滑翔机可以沿着设定的横断面飞行数月，收集气象和海洋数据，记录和识别在海洋声景中发出声音的物种，包括自然（地声和生物声）和人为（人声）声音。可以用这个滑翔机上的声学传感器研究的一些物种包括濒临灭绝的大西洋鲟鱼、红鼓鱼、条纹鲈鱼、石斑鱼、蓝鳍金枪鱼、鲨鱼、濒临灭绝的露脊鲸和宽吻海豚。滑翔机上的仪器包将允许对海洋环境进行多种同时测量(使用Datawell MOSE-G1000波浪传感器进行波浪测量，使用Teledyne RDI声学多普勒电流分析器进行电流测量，使用Sea-Bird CTD+DO传感器进行温度、盐度、深度和溶解氧测量；以及浊度和浮游植物丰度（使用特纳C-3泵浦荧光计）和近地表天气（使用Airmar 200WX气象站的气温、降雨量、风速）。声学标签接收器（Vemco VR2C传感器）将用于检测和跟踪声学标签动物，记录水听器和分析系统（Decimus PAMBuoy传感器）将记录海洋动物产生的声音并对其进行分类。该滑翔机将用于监测发声动物的存在，以避免噪音和其他对航运和运输走廊中受威胁物种的影响，确定和保护捕鱼区，并评估对波浪和风能开发，采砂区和石油和天然气租赁地区的影响。数据报告将通过卫星和移动电话调制解调器近实时地从所有滑翔机传感器传输到陆基计算机，用于分析、绘图和存档。声波滑翔机的首要目标是记录大陆架和斜坡水域的海洋栖息地和生物群落，以确定静态群落（如珊瑚礁）和高流动性物种（如鱼类、海洋哺乳动物、海龟）的迁徙路径。次要目标包括向海洋学家提供正常情况下的环境状况和风暴事件的数据，以加强风暴预测模式。通过对生物响应的声学分析，可以分析风暴和降雨事件对海洋群落的影响。由于生命和设备的危险，船只通常无法对风暴事件进行采样，但波浪滑翔机是专门设计用于生存和报告海洋环境条件的，即使在风暴海况和飓风期间也是如此。该滑翔机将在NC水族馆的研究公开展示中展出，包括静态展示和滑翔机轨道的交互式触摸屏。科学论坛、研讨会和其他公共活动将被安排，并鼓励滑翔机用户为新闻媒体和杂志撰写有关任务结果的公益文章。利用滑翔机收集数据的研究结果将在科学会议上发表，并发表在同行评议的期刊上。

The Acoustic Wave Glider manufactured by Liquid Robotics, is a mobile, unmanned, quiet, ocean surface vehicle for the study of marine soundscapes and detection of acoustically tagged marine animals. The glider is powered by batteries recharged by solar photovoltaic panels and propelled by wave action, so that long unmanned missions can be achieved at very low cost. The glider can travel along programmed transects for months-long deployments collecting meteorological and ocean data and recording and identifying species that make sounds in the ocean soundscape, including both the natural (geophony and biophony) and anthropogenic (anthropophony) sounds. Some of the species that can be studied with the acoustic sensors on this glider include the endangered Atlantic sturgeon, red drum, striped bass, groupers, bluefin tuna, sharks, endangered right whales and bottlenose dolphins. The instrument package on the glider will allow multiple and simultaneous measurements of the ocean environment (waves using a Datawell MOSE-G1000 wave sensor; currents using a Teledyne RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; temperature, salinity, depth and dissolved oxygen using a Sea-Bird CTD+DO sensor; and turbidity and phytoplankton abundance using a Turner C-3 pumped fluorometer) and near-surface weather (air temperature, rainfall, wind speed using an Airmar 200WX Weather Station) during missions. An acoustic tag receiver (Vemco VR2C sensor) will be used to detect and track acoustically tagged animals, and a recording hydrophone and analysis system (Decimus PAMBuoy sensor) will record sounds produced by marine animals and classify them. The glider will be used to monitor areas for the presence of sound-producing animals, to avoid noise and other impacts to threatened species in shipping and transportation corridors, to identify and protect fishing areas, and to assess impacts to areas proposed for wave and wind energy development, sand mining areas, and oil and gas leases. Data reports will be relayed from all the glider sensors to land-based computers via satellite and mobile phone modems in near-real-time for analysis, mapping and archival. Our overarching objective with the Acoustic Wave Glider is to document ocean habitats and biologic communities in continental shelf and slope waters to determine static communities (e.g., reefs) and migratory pathways of highly mobile species (e.g., fishes, marine mammals, sea turtles). Secondary objectives include providing data to oceanographers on environmental conditions during normal conditions and storm events to enhance storm prediction models. Storms and rainfall events can be analyzed for their impacts on ocean communities through acoustic analysis of organism responses. Storm events often cannot be sampled by vessels due to danger to life and equipment, but wave gliders are specifically designed to survive and report ambient ocean conditions, even during storm sea states and hurricanes. The glider will be featured at public displays of research at the NC aquariums, including static displays and interactive touch screens of glider tracks are planned. Scientific forums, seminars, and other public events will be scheduled, and glider users will be encouraged to write public interest articles about mission results for news media and magazines. The results of studies based data collected with the glider will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.