MRI-R2: Acquisition of a Semi-Continental Scale Atmospheric Acoustic Transportable Array

MRI-R2：获取半大陆规模大气声学可移动阵列

• 批准号: 0960275
• 负责人: Frank Vernon
• 金额: $ 80.8万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0960275&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; R2; Acquisition; Semi; Continental

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Intellectual MeritThis Major Research Instrumentation-Recovery and Reinvestment project will create a real-time infrasound array whose sensing elements are co-located with the 400 seismic stations in the USArray Transportable Array component of the NSF EarthScope program. This continuously sampled array, of an unprecedented scale, will provide opportunities for groundbreaking and interdisciplinary research in atmospheric acoustics, atmospheric science, and seismology. The array will sample mean values and fluctuations of the surface air pressure with nominal 70 kilometer station spacing, with a dynamic range of about 7 orders of magnitude, and with a sampling frequency of up to 40 Hz. This dense network of infrasound sensors will permit study of the nature of long-range infrasound propagation from regional to continental distances, and study of the sources of infrasound signals, using actual acoustic data, free of concerns about seismic-to-acoustic coupling. The array will not only record signals from a range of sources, it will permit study of propagation from these sources under widely varying atmospheric conditions. These data will be used to test atmospheric models and improve understanding of regional to long range infrasound propagation physics. Continuous monitoring of signals from repeating distant sources provides opportunities to probe high altitude winds, yielding valuable information to validate, tune, and improve global whole-atmosphere numerical weather and climate models. Recording actual pressure variations will aid studies of thermospheric attenuation, assess the utility of algorithms for correcting recorded signal amplitudes for wind effects and provide more data for full-waveform analyses. Atmospheric phenomena that can be studied with unprecedented spatio-temporal coverage include solar and lunar atmospheric tides, upper-level and lower-level jet streams, weather fronts, boundary-layer convection, tornadoes, nocturnal drainage flows, and gravity waves. Simultaneous and continuous observations of atmospheric and seismic noise will facilitate adaptive seismometry, a process analogous to adaptive optics in which the effects of atmospheric loading at the Earth's surface are accounted for in seismic channels to reduce noise at long periods. There also will be serendipitous avenues for research that will not be discovered until the data begin to flow. Real time data delivery capabilities will be utilized to allow open and free data distribution.Broader ImpactThis observatory will provide data for research in atmospheric acoustics, seismology and atmospheric science. As papers result from this dataset, it will be easier for institutions to attract researchers and students interested in conducting research in these areas. This network, and the data it will provide, will broaden the participation in science. It will provide many opportunities for training in data analysis, as well as validating models used in atmospheric science and atmospheric acoustics. It will provide opportunities for increasing the quality of very long-period seismic data for studies of the solid earth, and possibly reducing horizontal noise on seismic records by applying corrections derived from long period barometric data. The managing laboratory has a commitment to supporting the integration of research and education at every academic level. The data from the infrasound array will be made freely available in near real time, without restriction, through an on-line data management system, to everyone inside and outside the scientific community. Science teachers will be able to access data they are interested in and incorporate it into their science curricula. Project scientists will work with "Perspectives on Ocean Science," which is an earth and ocean science speaker series hosted by Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, to provide the public with direct access to up-to-date science in a presentation that is specifically designed for a lay audience. "Perspectives on Ocean Science" reaches an audience of almost 15 million viewers.

该奖项根据 2009 年《美国复苏与再投资法案》（公法 111-5）提供资助。 智力成果 这一重大研究仪器-回收与再投资项目将创建一个实时次声阵列，其传感元件与 NSF EarthScope 计划的 USArray 可移动阵列组件中的 400 个地震台位于同一位置。 这种规模空前的连续采样阵列将为大气声学、大气科学和地震学领域的突破性和跨学科研究提供机会。 该阵列将对地面气压的平均值和波动进行采样，标称站距为 70 公里，动态范围约为 7 个数量级，采样频率高达 40 Hz。 这种密集的次声传感器网络将允许研究从区域到大陆距离的长距离次声传播的性质，并使用实际的声学数据研究次声信号的来源，而无需担心地震与声学的耦合。 该阵列不仅可以记录来自一系列源的信号，还可以研究这些源在广泛变化的大气条件下的传播。 这些数据将用于测试大气模型并增进对区域到远程次声传播物理学的理解。 对来自重复遥远源的信号进行连续监测提供了探测高空风的机会，产生有价值的信息来验证、调整和改进全球全大气数值天气和气候模型。 记录实际压力变化将有助于研究热层衰减，评估用于校正风效应记录信号幅度的算法的实用性，并为全波形分析提供更多数据。可以以前所未有的时空覆盖范围研究的大气现象包括太阳和月球大气潮汐、高层和低层急流、锋面、边界层对流、龙卷风、夜间排水流和重力波。对大气和地震噪声的同时和连续观测将有助于自适应地震测量，这是一种类似于自适应光学的过程，其中在地震通道中考虑了地球表面大气载荷的影响，以减少长时间的噪声。 还会有一些偶然的研究途径，这些途径在数据开始流动之前不会被发现。 将利用实时数据传输功能来允许开放和免费的数据分发。更广泛的影响该天文台将为大气声学、地震学和大气科学的研究提供数据。 由于论文来自该数据集，机构将更容易吸引有兴趣在这些领域进行研究的研究人员和学生。 该网络及其提供的数据将扩大科学的参与范围。 它将提供许多数据分析培训以及验证大气科学和大气声学中使用的模型的机会。 它将为提高固体地球研究的长周期地震数据的质量提供机会，并可能通过应用长周期气压数据的校正来减少地震记录上的水平噪声。 管理实验室致力于支持各个学术层面的研究和教育的整合。 来自次声阵列的数据将通过在线数据管理系统几乎实时、不受限制地免费提供给科学界内外的每个人。 科学教师将能够访问他们感兴趣的数据并将其纳入他们的科学课程中。 项目科学家将与“海洋科学展望”合作，这是由斯克里普斯海洋学研究所 Birch 水族馆主办的地球和海洋科学系列演讲，通过专门为非专业观众设计的演讲，让公众直接了解最新的科学知识。 《海洋科学视角》拥有近 1500 万观众。