MRI-R2: Acquisition of a Semi-Continental Scale Atmospheric Acoustic Transportable Array

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该重大研究仪器-恢复和再投资项目将创建一个实时次声阵列，其传感元件与美国国家科学基金会EarthScope项目的USArray可移动阵列组件中的400个地震台站位于同一位置。这种规模空前的连续采样阵列将为大气声学、大气科学和地震学的开创性和跨学科研究提供机会。该阵列将对标称站距70公里的地面气压平均值和波动进行采样，动态范围约为7个数量级，采样频率高达40 Hz。这种密集的次声传感器网络将允许研究从区域到大陆距离的远程次声传播的性质，并使用实际的声学数据研究次声信号的来源，而不必担心地震-声耦合。该阵列不仅将记录来自一系列信号源的信号，还将允许研究这些信号源在广泛变化的大气条件下的传播。这些数据将用于测试大气模型，并提高对区域到远程次声传播物理的理解。对来自重复远源的信号的持续监测为探测高空风提供了机会，为验证、调整和改进全球全大气数值天气和气候模式提供了有价值的信息。记录实际压力变化将有助于研究热层衰减，评估校正风效应记录信号振幅的算法的效用，并为全波形分析提供更多数据。可以以前所未有的时空覆盖范围研究的大气现象包括太阳和月球大气潮汐、高层和低层急流、天气锋、边界层对流、龙卷风、夜间排水流和重力波。大气和地震噪声的同时和连续观测将促进自适应地震测量，这一过程类似于自适应光学，在地震通道中考虑地球表面大气载荷的影响，以减少长时间的噪声。也会有一些偶然的研究途径，在数据开始流动之前不会被发现。实时数据传输能力将用于开放和免费的数据分发。更广泛的影响这个天文台将为大气声学、地震学和大气科学的研究提供数据。由于论文来自该数据集，机构将更容易吸引有兴趣在这些领域进行研究的研究人员和学生。这个网络以及它将提供的数据将扩大人们对科学的参与。它将为数据分析培训提供许多机会，并验证用于大气科学和大气声学的模型。它将为提高研究固体地球的长周期地震数据的质量提供机会，并可能通过应用长周期气压数据的修正来减少地震记录的水平噪声。管理实验室致力于支持各个学术水平的研究和教育的整合。来自次声阵列的数据将通过一个在线数据管理系统，几乎实时地、不受限制地免费提供给科学界内外的每个人。科学教师将能够访问他们感兴趣的数据，并将其纳入他们的科学课程。项目科学家将与“海洋科学展望”合作，这是一个由斯克里普斯海洋学研究所伯奇水族馆主办的地球和海洋科学系列演讲，为公众提供直接接触最新科学的机会，这是专门为非专业观众设计的。《海洋科学透视》拥有近1500万观众。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Intellectual MeritThis Major Research Instrumentation-Recovery and Reinvestment project will create a real-time infrasound array whose sensing elements are co-located with the 400 seismic stations in the USArray Transportable Array component of the NSF EarthScope program. This continuously sampled array, of an unprecedented scale, will provide opportunities for groundbreaking and interdisciplinary research in atmospheric acoustics, atmospheric science, and seismology. The array will sample mean values and fluctuations of the surface air pressure with nominal 70 kilometer station spacing, with a dynamic range of about 7 orders of magnitude, and with a sampling frequency of up to 40 Hz. This dense network of infrasound sensors will permit study of the nature of long-range infrasound propagation from regional to continental distances, and study of the sources of infrasound signals, using actual acoustic data, free of concerns about seismic-to-acoustic coupling. The array will not only record signals from a range of sources, it will permit study of propagation from these sources under widely varying atmospheric conditions. These data will be used to test atmospheric models and improve understanding of regional to long range infrasound propagation physics. Continuous monitoring of signals from repeating distant sources provides opportunities to probe high altitude winds, yielding valuable information to validate, tune, and improve global whole-atmosphere numerical weather and climate models. Recording actual pressure variations will aid studies of thermospheric attenuation, assess the utility of algorithms for correcting recorded signal amplitudes for wind effects and provide more data for full-waveform analyses. Atmospheric phenomena that can be studied with unprecedented spatio-temporal coverage include solar and lunar atmospheric tides, upper-level and lower-level jet streams, weather fronts, boundary-layer convection, tornadoes, nocturnal drainage flows, and gravity waves. Simultaneous and continuous observations of atmospheric and seismic noise will facilitate adaptive seismometry, a process analogous to adaptive optics in which the effects of atmospheric loading at the Earth's surface are accounted for in seismic channels to reduce noise at long periods. There also will be serendipitous avenues for research that will not be discovered until the data begin to flow. Real time data delivery capabilities will be utilized to allow open and free data distribution.Broader ImpactThis observatory will provide data for research in atmospheric acoustics, seismology and atmospheric science. As papers result from this dataset, it will be easier for institutions to attract researchers and students interested in conducting research in these areas. This network, and the data it will provide, will broaden the participation in science. It will provide many opportunities for training in data analysis, as well as validating models used in atmospheric science and atmospheric acoustics. It will provide opportunities for increasing the quality of very long-period seismic data for studies of the solid earth, and possibly reducing horizontal noise on seismic records by applying corrections derived from long period barometric data. The managing laboratory has a commitment to supporting the integration of research and education at every academic level. The data from the infrasound array will be made freely available in near real time, without restriction, through an on-line data management system, to everyone inside and outside the scientific community. Science teachers will be able to access data they are interested in and incorporate it into their science curricula. Project scientists will work with "Perspectives on Ocean Science," which is an earth and ocean science speaker series hosted by Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, to provide the public with direct access to up-to-date science in a presentation that is specifically designed for a lay audience. "Perspectives on Ocean Science" reaches an audience of almost 15 million viewers.