MRI: Development of a Solar Photometric Instrument: Cartesian Full Disk Telescope-3 (SOPHI - CFDT3)

这个为期3年的MRI项目的主旨是在圣费尔南多天文台(SFO)开发第二代测光计划，该计划建立在最初计划奠定的坚实基础上。这将产生太阳的光度学研究，这是建模和理解太阳变异性的强大工具。目前的第24个太阳周期表明，太阳的变化仍然是不可预测的，因此需要继续测量。虽然绝对太阳辐射通量是从太空测量的，但来自地面望远镜的太阳图像被用来破译有关光球和色球可变性来源的信息。SFO和加州州立大学北岭分校(CSUN)非常适合继续进行长期的光度观测，同时保持较低的成本，并雇用本科生和研究生以及感兴趣的教师。由此产生的数据产品将是多个波长的每日太阳图像的统一光度记录，最终至少有50年长，这将产生研究活动区域对两个或更多个Hale磁周期的太阳辐射贡献所需的信息。将利用新的CFDT3数据开发的模型将用于：(1)为天基辐射监测提供支持；(2)表征到达地球的太阳能能量的过去和未来变化；以及(3)加深对太阳-S辐射变化的物理来源的理解。SFO/CFDT测光计划记录了所有晴天(一年中约65%)多种波长的全盘太阳图像，并维护了描述太阳变化的元数据档案。SFO？S测光计划的更广泛影响有四个方面：(1)维持一个基本的科学数据集；(2)支持天基太阳辐射监测器；(3)产生更大科学界感兴趣的次要数据；以及(4)完成教育使命。利用来自CFDT3的新数据，项目组将重建太阳-S总辐射输出和光谱辐射输出的变化。这些重建对太阳辐照度研究界来说是一个宝贵的工具：它们不仅提供科学信息，而且还可以查明天基辐照度记录中的不连续之处，从而有助于弥合航天器飞行任务之间的差距。太阳变率的分析也适用于其他类太阳恒星的研究。一个主要的影响是培养本科生和研究生的观测太阳物理。加州州立大学北岭分校被指定为拉美裔服务机构和亚裔美国原住民太平洋岛民服务机构。它的学生人数反映了其地理区域的种族多样性。CFDT3是一种实践工具，将吸引和鼓励学生探索和考虑科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)职业。它的可访问性使其能够融入CSUN-S物理和天文学研究生和本科生的课程。通过CSUN天文馆介绍的公众宣传努力使圣费尔南多河谷的种族多样化人口接触到科学研究的可能性。

The main thrust of this 3-year MRI project is to develop a second-generation of photometry program at the San Fernando Observatory (SFO) that is built upon the strong foundation laid by the original program. This would yield photometric studies of the Sun, which is a powerful tool for modeling and understanding solar variability. The current solar cycle 24 demonstrates that solar variability is still unpredictable, and therefore requires continued measurement. While absolute solar radiative flux is measured from space, solar images from ground-based telescopes are used to decipher information about the photospheric and chromospheric sources of variability. The SFO and California State University at Northridge (CSUN) are well suited to continue to carry out long term photometric observations, while keeping costs low and employing undergraduate and graduate students, as well interested faculty. The resulting data product will be a uniform photometric record of daily solar images in multiple wavelengths, eventually at least 50 years long, which will yield information needed to study active region contributions to solar irradiance across two or more Hale magnetic cycles. The models to be developed with the new CFDT3 data will be used to: (1) provide support for space-based irradiance monitors; (2) characterize past and future variations in the amount of solar power reaching Earth; and, (3) gain deeper understanding of the physical sources of the Sun?s irradiance changes. The SFO/CFDT photometry program records full-disk solar images at multiple wavelengths on all sunny days (about 65% of the year), and maintains an archive of metadata describing solar variability.The broader impact of the SFO?s photometry program is four-fold: (1) maintain a fundamental scientific data set; (2) support space-based solar irradiance monitors; (3) generate secondary data of interest to the larger scientific community; and, (4) fulfill an educational mission. Using the new data from CFDT3, the project team will reconstruct changes in the Sun?s total and spectral radiative output. These reconstructions are a valuable tool for the solar irradiance research community: not only do they provide scientific information, but they also allow the identification of discontinuities in the space-based irradiance record that can help bridge gaps between spacecraft missions. The analyses of solar variability are applicable to the study of other Sun-like stars. A major impact is educating undergraduate and graduate students in observational solar physics. California State University at Northridge is designated as an Hispanic Serving Institution and Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution. Its pool of students reflects the ethnic diversity of its geographic area. CFDT3 is a hands-on instrument that will entice and encourage students to explore and consider Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers. Its accessibility allows for its integration into CSUN?s Physics and Astronomy curriculum at both graduate and undergraduate levels. Public outreach efforts through CSUN planetarium presentations expose the ethnically diverse population of the San Fernando Valley to the possibilities of scientific research.