SBIR Phase II: Transparent Molecular Photovoltaic Devices

这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目将通过保持现有建筑材料的美观和室内自然照明的质量，为建筑光伏采用提供前所未有的自由度。这种独特的方法提供了通过以下方式实现0.05-0.1 $/kWhr的平准化光伏能量成本：（1）在利用点产生10-40%的DC建筑电力，消除了对DC-AC-DC电力电子设备的需要，（2）同时通过拒绝红外太阳热将建筑物冷却需求减少10-30%，将有效光伏效率提高5%以上（绝对值），以及（3）利用现有建筑围护结构的材料、安装、框架、客户获取和维护，将非模块成本降低50%以上。该项目还将产生核心知识，用于设计未来几代透明光伏器件和材料。可见透明的光致发光材料还适于在非窗口表面（例如电子显示器和移动的电子配件）内进行无缝能量收集，从而增强这些产品的功能性而不影响美观性或功能性。这个小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目开发了一种转型的可见透明光伏设备。建筑集成光伏是一种很有前途的能源途径，可以捕获大面积的太阳能，并在利用方面提高美国建筑效率。然而，这种技术的广泛采用受到与将传统光伏电池安装在壁板和窗户上相关的成本和美学的严重阻碍。在该项目中，这些挑战通过利用分子和有机半导体的激子特性来克服，这些激子特性导致振荡器聚束以产生具有选择性吸收的光伏架构，即表现出可见光最小值和紫外线（UV）和近红外（NIR）最大值，与传统无机半导体的带吸收独特不同。通过使用在UV/NIR中具有结构化吸收的激子分子半导体，这些器件同时优化了高功率转换效率、可见光透射率和显色指数。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will enable unprecedented freedom for architectural photovoltaic adoption by maintaining the aesthetics of existing building materials and the quality of natural indoor lighting. This unique approach offers to achieve levelized photovoltaic energy costs of 0.05-0.1 $/kWhr by (1) producing 10-40% of DC building electricity at the point of utilization, eliminating the need for DC-AC-DC power electronics, (2) simultaneously reducing building cooling demands 10-30% through rejection of infrared solar heat, increasing the effective PV efficiency by over 5% (absolute), and (3) piggybacking on the materials, installation, framing, customer acquisition, and maintenance of the existing building envelope, reducing non-module costs by over 50%. This project will also result in a core knowledge from which future generations of transparent photovoltaic devices and materials will be designed. Visibly transparent photovoltaics are also amenable to seamless energy harvesting within non-window surfaces such as electronic displays and mobile electronic accessories, enhancing the functionality of those products without impacting aesthetics or functionality. This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project develops a transformational visibly transparent photovoltaic device. Building-integrated photovoltaics are a promising energy pathway to capturing large areas of solar energy and increasing US building efficiency at the point of utilization. However, the widespread adoption of such technologies is severely hampered by the cost and aesthetics associated with mounting traditional photovoltaic cells on siding and windows. In this project, these challenges are overcome by exploiting the excitonic character of molecular and organic semiconductors that lead to oscillator bunching to produce photovoltaic architectures with selective absorption, i.e. exhibiting visible minima and ultra-violet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) maxima, uniquely distinct from the band-absorption of traditional inorganic semiconductors. By using excitonic molecular semiconductors with structured absorption in the UV/NIR these devices are simultaneously optimized for high power conversion efficiency, visible light transmission, and color rendering index.