Impacts of urbanization and climate change on the energy infrastructure of tropical coastal regions

1438324（冈萨雷斯）。这项研究有三个目标：a）调查城市化热带沿海系统的环境和能源可持续性; B）参与并教育广大受众热带沿海地区的可持续性;以及c）为当地利益相关者创建新的数据集，建模工具和最佳实践指南。该项目将由设在纽约的纽约市立大学遥感地球系统研究所牵头，与波多黎各的一个长期学术伙伴（波多黎各-马亚圭斯大学）合作，与海洋大气署以及加勒比和波多黎各的地方和区域利益攸关方共同努力。它将成为一个跨区域的教育和培训资源，通过开发数据、产品和教育战略，让学生和公众参与敏感热带沿海地区的可持续性问题。该计划将直接应用于加勒比地区，波多黎各，特别是圣胡安市，这是一个沿海地区，为能源和环境可持续性的知识创造提供了极好的机会。热带沿海地区人口几乎占世界总人口的三分之一，极易受到地球气候变化的影响。这些地点为容纳不断增长的人口和经济发展而迅速增加，这体现在城市化的土地使用发生了重大变化。这两个进程-气候变化和城市化-结合在一起，对这些敏感地区的人与自然相结合的系统的福祉构成了复杂的风险。这是这项研究工作的起源，指导下的基本科学问题：如何是城市化的热带沿海系统的能源可持续性正在修改人类干预和气候变化？热带沿海地区的能源需求与气候变暖直接相关，因为建筑环境对人类舒适度的需求很大。 在加勒比地区和波多黎各的圣胡安的研究环境中，有明显的证据表明，区域环境正在变暖，快速城市化对当地产生了影响。将组织一个多学科观测和建模框架，利用高分辨率区域气候模型，考虑到周围海洋地区及其与区域和当地气候和景观的相互作用，将区域气候记录和全球气候预测动态缩小到感兴趣的区域。大尺度耦合对于捕获导致加勒比海表面温度调制的太平洋和大西洋信号是极其重要的。能源变量将与气候和能源记录进行研究，并使用城市规模的最先进的建筑能源模型，结合气候模型。建模工作将辅之以区域和地方数据整合工作，这一工作将利用多种来源的现有环境网络和从遥感能力收集的新数据，以量化与能源活动有关的环境变量。详细的建模方法和综合观察将与方法相结合，以使主要利益攸关方参与进来。

1438324 (Gonzalez). This research has three objectives: a) investigate the environmental and energy sustainability of urbanized tropical coastal systems; b) engage and educate a broad audience on the sustainability of tropical coastal areas; and c) create new data sets, modeling tools and best practice guides for local stakeholders. The project will be led by the CUNY Remote Sensing Earth System Institute, based at the City College of New York (CCNY), in partnership with a long-term academic partner in Puerto Rico (University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez), joining efforts with NOAA, and local and regional stakeholders in the Caribbean and in Puerto Rico. It will be a trans-regional educational and training resource through developing data, products, and educational strategies to engage students and the general public on the subject of sustainability of sensitive tropical coastal regions. The program will be applied directly in the Caribbean, Puerto Rico and specifically in San Juan City, a coastal location that offers excellent opportunities for knowledge creation on energy and environmental sustainability. Tropical coastal areas contain almost one-third of the total world population and are highly vulnerable to Earth's changing climate. The rapid growth of these locations to accommodate growing populations and economic development is manifested in significant land use changes for urbanization. These two combined processes - climate change & urbanization- present a compounded risk to the well-being of the coupled human-natural system in these sensitive regions. This is the origin for this research effort guided by the fundamental science question: How is the energy sustainability of urbanized tropical coastal systems being modified by human interventions and climate change? Energy demands in tropical coastal regions are directly linked to warming environments due to the large demands from the built environment for human comfort. In the research setting of the Caribbean, and in San Juan, Puerto Rico, there is clear evidence of a warming regional environment and local impacts of rapid urbanization. A multi-disciplinary observation and modeling framework will be organized in which regional climate records and global climate predictions are dynamically downscaled to the region of interest using high resolution regional climate models taking into consideration the surrounding ocean areas, and their interplay with the regional and local climate and landscape. The large scale coupling is extremely important to capture signals of the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans that result in Caribbean sea surface temperature modulation. The energy variable will be investigated with climate and energy records and using state-of-the-art building energy models at the city scale, coupled to the climate models. The modeling will be complemented by a regional and local data integration effort that will draw from existing environmental networks from multiple sources and from new data to be gathered from remote sensing capabilities to quantify environmental variables relevant to the energy activity. The detailed modeling approaches and integrated observations will be coupled with methodologies to involve key stakeholders.