Collaborative Research: Facility Support: Center for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs)

1440506 SELKER这笔赠款为俄勒冈州立大学(PI：SELKER)和内华达大学雷诺大学(PI：TYLER)之间的合作提供运营设施支持，以便在未来四年内继续运营转型环境监测项目中心(CTEMP)。CTEMPs利用分布式光纤拉曼背向散射分布式温度传感(DTS)为规划、培训、设备租赁和实地实施提供社区支持，以便能够前所未有地观测温度的时空分布，用于地球科学和环境应用，包括但不限于雪、地下水和流域水文学、水生和陆地生态学、岩溶地质学、土壤学(包括永冻土研究)、物理湖沼学和海洋学、微气象学和冰川学。高分辨率DTS系统能够以高时间频率(1 Hz)对0.25~2500米的长度尺度上的河底、湖泊或河口底部、积雪、土层或大气温度进行高空间(=0.25m)和高精度(0.1-0.3℃)观测。当每小时采样时，温度精度可达到+/0.01℃。当放置在小溪或河流中时，光纤DTS可以观察每一次地下水流入的位置、温度和流量，计算准确的热量平衡以确定潜水交换，并观察对成功招募幼鱼至关重要的微温生境。DTS系统最初是为石油和电力传输行业以及高层建筑的火灾探测应用而开发的。这笔赠款下的支助将用于：1)利用最近扩大的DTS仪表库，继续向地球科学界提供高分辨率温度传感设备；2)开发和促进使用主动加热光纤传感来测量土壤湿度和流体流量；3)将迅速出现但在后勤上具有挑战性的无人机系统(UAS)技术纳入水文和地球表面监测。CTEMPs设施将通过其作为CUAHSI水文测量设施(HMF)节点的正式指定和与CUAHSI的正式协议提供实践培训和知识传播，以促进每年两次实践讲习班以及在俄勒冈州大学和联合国大学校园的培训。还将在雷诺的T.L.威尔斯发现博物馆通过在交互式河流展示中加入DTS来测试对K-8的推广。*

1440506SelkerThis grant provides operational facility support for a collaborative effort between Oregon State University (PI: Selker) and the University of Nevada Reno (PI: Tyler) to allow for continued operations over the next four year of the Center for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs). CTEMPs offers community support for planning, training, equipment loan and field implementation using distributed fiber optic Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) to allow for unprecedented observation of the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature for geoscience and environmental applications including but not limited to, snow, groundwater and watershed hydrology, aquatic and terrestrial ecology, karst geology, soil science (including permafrost studies), physical limnology and oceanography, micrometeorology and glaciology. High resolution DTS systems allow for high spatial (= 0.25 m) and high accuracy (within 0.1 - 0.3 deg C) observations of river bottom, lake, or estuary bottom, snow pack, soil horizon or atmospheric temperatures over length scales from 0.25 ? 2500 m. at high temporal frequency (1 Hz). Temperature precision of +/ 0.01 deg C can be achieved when observation are sampled hourly. When placed in a stream or river, fiber optic DTS allows for observation of the location, temperature, and flux of each groundwater inflow, calculation of an exact heat budget to determine hyporheic exchange, and observation of micro-thermal habitats critical to successful larval fish recruitment. DTS systems were originally developed for applications in the oil and electrical power transmission industries and for fire detection in high rise buildings. Support under this grant will allow for: 1) continued provision of high resolution temperature sensing equipment to the geosciences community using a recently expanded DTS instrument pool; 2) develop and promote the use of actively heated optical fiber sensing for the measurement of soil moisture and fluid flux, and 3) to incorporate the rapidly emerging, but logistically challenging, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) technology to hydrologic and earth surface monitoring. The CTEMPs facility will offer hands-on training and knowledge dissemination, through its formal designation as a CUAHSI Hydrologic Measurement Facility (HMF) Node and formal agreements with CUAHSI to promote two hands-on workshops per year as well as training on both the OSU and UNR campuses. Outreach to K-8 will also be tested at the T.L. Wells Discovery Museum in Reno through incorporation of DTS in an interactive river display.***