RAPID; GOALI: Sources of 1,4-Dioxane in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina and Treatment Options for 1,4-Dioxane Control

GOALI：北卡罗来纳州开普费雷尔河流域1，4-二恶烷的来源和控制1，4-二恶烷的处理方案过去，1，4-二恶烷被广泛用作溶剂稳定剂，它通常被认为是一种与氯化溶剂共存的地下水污染物。虽然1，4-二恶烷在溶剂稳定方面的使用已被逐步淘汰，但1，4-二恶烷仍被用作工业溶剂(例如纺织业、造纸业、溴化阻燃剂的生产)，它是涉及环氧乙烷的制造工艺的副产品(例如生产洗涤剂和洗发水中使用的表面活性剂、生产某些塑料)。在美国环保署最近的一项研究中，北卡罗来纳州的数据显示，所有1，4-二恶烷的检测都发生在来自地表水的饮用水中。事实上，NC系统显示的四个最高1，4-二恶烷浓度也代表了全国报告的四个最高值。据报道，摩尔县东摩尔水区的饮用水中1，4-二恶烷浓度最高(9.2ug/L)。EMWD Intertie的水代表从哈内特县地区水处理厂(北卡罗来纳州利灵顿)购买的水，该厂处理恐惧角的水。此外，我们实验室收集的数据显示，1，4-二恶烷在猴儿河中的浓度高达约90微克/L，在取自猴儿河的饮用水中的浓度高达80微克/L(北卡罗来纳州匹兹伯勒)。拟议研究的目标是(1)确定1，4-二恶烷的来源，(2)建立1，4-二恶烷浓度和质量流量的空间和时间变异性，(3)评估现有使用点(POU)处理设备对1，4-二恶烷的去除，并确定控制1，4-二恶烷去除的吸附剂性能，以及(4)开发描述地表水处理环境中臭氧/过氧化氢、紫外线/过氧化氢和紫外线/氯高级氧化过程中1，4-二恶烷氧化转化的基本工艺参数。为了实现建议的结果，将收集来自饮用水供应商的溪流样品和日常合成样品，并用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)进行分析。结合美国地质勘探局每日径流数据，1，4-二恶烷浓度和质量流量结果将用于识别1，4-二恶烷来源，估计释放到环境中的1，4-二恶烷数量，并估计人类通过饮用水消费接触1，4-二恶烷。

1449768KnappeRAPID; GOALI: Sources of 1,4-Dioxane in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina and Treatment Options for 1,4-Dioxane ControlIn the past, 1,4-dioxane was widely used as a solvent stabilizer, and it is commonly thought of as a groundwater contaminant that co-occurs with chlorinated solvents. While 1,4-dioxane usage in the context of solvent stabilization has been phased out, 1,4-dioxane continues to be used as an industrial solvent (e.g. textile industry, paper industry, production of brominated flame retardants), and it is a by-product of manufacturing processes involving ethylene oxide (e.g. production of surfactants used in laundry detergents and shampoos, production of certain plastics). In a recent EPA study, data for North Carolina showed that all 1,4-dioxane detections occurred in drinking water derived from surface water. In fact, the four highest 1,4-dioxane concentrations shown for NC systems also represent the four highest reported values nationally. The highest 1,4-dioxane concentration was reported in drinking water sampled in Moore County at the East Moore Water District (EMWD) Intertie (9.2 ìg/L). Water at the EMWD intertie represents water purchased from Harnett County Regional Water Treatment Plant (Lillington, NC), which treats Cape Fear River water. Furthermore, data collected in our laboratory show that 1,4-dioxane is present at concentrations of up to about 90 ìg/L in the Haw River, and in drinking water derived from the Haw River at concentrations of up to 80 ìg/L (Pittsboro, NC). The objectives of the proposed research are to (1) identify 1,4-dioxane sources, (2) establish the spatial and temporal variability in 1,4-dioxane concentrations and mass flows, (3) assess 1,4-dioxane removal by existing point-of-use (POU) treatment devices and identify adsorbent properties that govern 1,4-dioxane removal, and (4) develop fundamental process parameters that describe the oxidative transformation of 1,4-dioxane by O3/H2O2, UV/H2O2, and UV/chlorine advanced oxidation processes in a surface water treatment context. To accomplish the proposed results, stream samples and daily composited samples from drinking water providers will be collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In conjunction with USGS daily stream flow data, the resulting 1,4-dioxane concentration and mass flow results will be used to identify 1,4-dioxane sources, estimate the quantity of 1,4-dioxane released into the environment, and estimate human exposure to 1,4-dioxane via drinking water consumption.