An Investigation of Mutual Interactions between the Practice of Chinese Medicine and Biomedicine

本论文的研究项目追溯了20世纪最早的两个英文针灸地图集的制作。这些地图集突出了标准化中医以反映西医的工作，从而使其实践合法化，同时绘制了不属于循证西医常规范围的看不见的经络。除了从事档案研究外，该项目还将涉及对英国、美国和中国针灸地图集的制作和流通相关的个人进行有限数量的访谈。除了在学术期刊上发表这项研究的结果外，该项目的视觉和文本组成部分将作为纪录片制作的材料，超越学术界的局限，参与更广泛的医疗保健关注。作者在数字媒体方面拥有丰富的经验，这将有助于利用本研究的结果制作短片，为更广泛的观众提供全球，非西方，以人为本的医学视角。这个项目的目的是展示两种看似不同的医学实践，中医和生物医学，是如何纠缠在一起的。该项目将对《天枪》（1980年）和《针灸》（1981年）这两个文本的制作进行比较分析。在这两个案例研究中收集和复制的人体地图将作为检验医学理论和医疗实践的场所。需要解决的研究问题包括：医学实践是如何被表述为科学的？身体的插图定义和模糊了什么？本项目采用跨国视角和多学科方法。它建立在身体的历史研究，科学的可视化和表现，以及后殖民科学和技术的基础上。这不仅仅是一个关于制作地图的项目，而是关于历史演员的私人生活如何与标准化的身体叙事纠缠在一起，处于全球实验和实践的历史中。

General Audience Summary This dissertation research project traces the production of two of the first English-language acupuncture atlases in the 20th century. These atlases highlight the work of standardizing Traditional Chinese Medicine to mirror western medicine, and thus legitimate its practice, while simultaneously mapping invisible meridians that fall outside the regular purview of evidence-based Western medicine. In addition to engaging in archival research, the project will also involve conducting a limited number of interviews with individuals affiliated with the production and circulation of acupuncture atlases in the United Kingdom, the United States, and China. Besides publishing the results of this research in scholarly journals, the visual and textual components of this project will serve as material in documentary filmmaking to reach beyond the confines of academia and engage with broader concerns in health care. The author has extensive experience in digital media that will facilitate using the results of this research to make short films that will contribute a global, non-western, human-centered perspective of medicine to a broader audience. Technical Summary The goal of this project is to demonstrate how two seemingly disparate medical practices, Chinese medicine and biomedicine, became entangled. The project will provide a comparative analysis of the production of two texts, Celestial Lancets (1980), and Acupuncture (1981). The body maps collected and reproduced in these two case studies will serve as sites for examining medical theory and medical practice. Among the research questions to be addressed are the following. How were medical practices articulated as science? What did illustrations of the body define and obscure? The project adopts a transnational perspective and a multidisciplinary approach. It builds on and departs from studies in the history of the body, visualization and representation in science, and post-colonial science and technology. This is not just a project about the making of maps, but about how the private lives of historical actors entangled with standardizing a narrative of the body was situated within a global history of experimentation and practice.