Molecular Phylogeography and Ecology of small Antarctic Calanoida (Copepoda, Crustacea)

目前，对于影响这些浮游生物物种在南极水域的扩散，从而影响其连通性的海洋学过程和生物特性，我们所知甚少。在南极海洋中，由于缺乏明显的屏障，远洋物种或具有远洋生命阶段的物种（如幼虫）通常被认为具有环极分布。强烈的南极绕极流被认为促进了标本在南极洲周围的传播。然而，最近的研究表明，浮游生物在世界范围内具有遗传多样性。为了了解浮游生物物种地理差异的重要性，有必要检测形态上隐蔽的分类群，以研究导致南极远洋水域遗传多样化的物理过程和生物学特征。本项目选取了南大洋中数量丰富但研究较少的五种较小的类鱿鱼桡足类物种，对其系统地理学和生态学进行了研究。这些物种具有相似的大小范围，但表现出不同的分布模式（世界范围-地方性），深度栖息地（上层-中上层-深海）和摄食模式（食草-杂食性）。利用线粒体和核基因、AFLP指纹图谱和454测序，研究其生物地理格局和进化多样化率。

At present little is known about the oceanographic processes and biological traits that influence the dispersal of these planktonic species, and thus connectivity, in Antarctic waters. In the Antarctic marine pelagic species or species with pelagic life stages (e.g. larvae) are often considered to have a circumpolar distribution due to the absence of obvious barriers. The strong Antarctic Circumpolar Current is thought to facilitate the dispersal of specimens around Antarctica. However, recent investigations have shown genetic diversifications in planktonic organism on a worldwide geographical scale. To understand the importance of geographical differences in planktonic species it is necessary to detect morphologically cryptic taxa in order to investigate the physical processes and biological traits that lead to genetic diversification in pelagic Antarctic waters. For the presented project five abundant, but little studied, smaller species of calanoid copepods in the Southern Ocean have been chosen to study their phylogeography and ecology. These species have a similiar size range, but show different patterns of distribution (worldwide - endemic), depth habitats (epipelagic - mesopelagic - bathypelagic) and feeding modes (herbivorous - omnivorous). Their biogeographical patterns and rates of evolutionary diversification will be investigated with the help of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, AFLP fingerprints and 454 sequencing.