EAGER: Improvement of Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Uptake and Utilization in Crops

主要研究者：Cankui Zhang（普渡大学）CoPI：约纳Baguma（乌干达国家农业研究组织）和亨利Wagaba（乌干达国家作物资源研究所）气态氮（N）的人为排放已成为世界范围内的一个严重问题。尽管人们对暴露于污染气体的植物的生理和生长的改变有很多了解，但这些研究大多是从生态学的角度观察的，并没有解决使用气态氮来促进植物生长的可能性。如果成功，EAGER项目将利用和开发已知的土壤氮素吸收和运输的分子机制，以促进这些过程中的空气中的氮。这项探索性和高风险研究的结果也可能为其他物种和其他重要气体污染物的氮利用提供类似的策略。该项目将促进美国和非洲在分子植物生理学领域的知识和技术交流，以开发木薯、水稻和马铃薯等重要作物物种利用"污染物"的新战略。某些空气污染物，包括氨和二氧化氮，被叶子吸收，是植物生长所需的氮（N）的潜在来源。然而，植物并没有进化到从空气中吸收这些化合物，即使营养物质被吸收，它们也可能无法被正确利用。事实上，生态生理学家和森林生物学家已经注意到，这些气生营养物质在一定条件下刺激枝条生长。然而，新形成的有机化合物也没有被运输出叶子，不仅吸收了N，而且还吸收了来自光合作用的大部分碳（C）。结果，根的生长受到抑制，使植物容易受到干旱和其他胁迫的影响。此外，作物的可食用部分，包括块茎，如果停滞在叶子中，就不能从营养中获益。为了应对这一挑战，EAGER项目将开发和测试新的分子策略，以增加马铃薯，木薯和水稻中空气来源的含氮化合物的吸收和运输，使用在模式植物如拟南芥中鉴定的选择候选基因。该项目开发的所有数据和资源将向公众开放。DNA序列将保存在GenBank中。

PI: Cankui Zhang (Purdue University)CoPIs: Yona Baguma (National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda) and Henry Wagaba (National Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda)Anthropogenic emissions of gaseous nitrogen (N) have become a severe problem worldwide. Although much is known about the alteration of physiology and growth of plants exposed to pollutant gases, most of these studies are observational, from an ecological perspective, and do not address the possibility of using gaseous nitrogen to augment plant growth. If successful, this EAGER project will harness and exploit known molecular mechanisms of uptake and transport of soil N to facilitate these processes for airborne N. The results generated from this exploratory and high risk research may also point the way to similar strategies for N use in other species and for other important gaseous pollutants. This project will foster intellectual and technical exchange in U.S. and Africa in the area of molecular plant physiology to develop novel strategies for "pollutant" utilization in important crop species such as cassava, rice and potato. Certain air pollutants, including ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, are absorbed by leaves and are potential sources of nitrogen (N) needed for plant growth. However, plants did not evolve to take up these compounds from the air, and even if the nutrients are absorbed they may not be utilized correctly. Indeed, it has been noted primarily by ecophysiologists and forest biologists that these aerial nutrients stimulate shoot growth under certain conditions. However, it is also the case that the newly formed organic compounds are not transported out of the leaves, sequestering not only the absorbed N, but much of the carbon (C) derived from photosynthesis. As a result, root growth is inhibited, leaving the plants susceptible to drought and other stresses. In addition, the edible parts of crop plants, including tubers, do not benefit from nutrients if they stagnate in the leaves. To address this challenge, this EAGER project will develop and test novel molecular strategies for increasing the absorption and transport of aerial-derived nitrogenous compounds in potato, cassava and rice using select candidate genes identified in model plants such as Arabidopsis. All data and resources developed in this project will be available to the public. DNA sequences will be deposited at GenBank.