Robust earthquake source scaling and seismic efficiency for intermediate depth and deep earthquakes at global and regional scales

地震对世界各地的社区构成重大危险。一种地震通常被称为深部地震，主要发生在日本、阿拉斯加、卡斯卡迪亚和南美洲的俯冲带上，仅举几例。尽管它们约占全球地震总数的25%，但到目前为止，我们还不清楚允许这种地震发生的机制。在拟议的研究中，我们将结合全球观测和各国国家地震台网现有的区域观测，研究深部地震活动的两个区域--墨西哥和智利。我们不仅将确定地震的震级，还将确定能够描述这些地震开始和发展的方式的完整能源预算，并最终限制驱动机制。我们的观测和分析将提供基本参数，帮助实验室实验将他们的观测结果与现实地球进行比较和外推，更好地预测智利和墨西哥未来大地震的地面运动，并减轻其他地区的地震风险。最近关于深部和中等深度地震的研究对这些地震的可能机制提出了新的问题[Prieto等人，2013年；詹等人，2014年；Meng等人，2014年]。我们建议利用远震距离的宽带地震台，在全球范围内扩大对完整地震能量收支的确定。由于在这些距离恢复高频频率的能力有限，只分析了5.5级地震[Poli和Prieto，2014]。因此，我们将包括至少两个区域尺度的中深和深震记录地区(例如墨西哥、智利)，这将使3.5级的准确分析成为可能。为了准确分析震源过程，有必要确定静态震源参数--包括震级、持续时间和破裂大小--以及动态参数，如辐射地震能量和破裂速度。利用这些参数可以确定地震破裂过程中的能量分配。我们希望能够将我们观察到的变化与相关俯冲板块的地球动力学性质联系起来，并更好地约束深部地震破裂所涉及的物理机制[例如，Yamasaki&Amp；Seno，2003，Reynard等人，2010 Green，2015]。

Earthquakes pose a significant hazard to communities worldwide. One type of earthquakes that are generally known as deep earthquakes, mostly occur along subduction zones in Japan, Alaska, Cascadia, and South America to name a few. Even though they represent about 25% of the total number of earthquakes worldwide, as of yet, we do not clearly understand the mechanism that allow this earthquakes to occur. In the proposed research we will study two of the active regions in terms of deep earthquakes, México and Chile, combining both global observations and available regional observations from the national seismic networks of the respective countries. We will determine not only the magnitude of the events but also the complete energy budgets that can describe the way in which these earthquakes start and grow, and ultimately constrain the driving mechanism. Our observations and analysis will provide fundamental parameters that may help laboratory experiments compare and extrapolate their observations to a realistic Earth, better predict the ground motions of future large deep earthquakes in Chile and Mexico and mitigate seismic hazard in other regions as well. Recent work on deep and intermediate-depth earthquakes has raised new questions about possible mechanisms involved in these earthquakes [Prieto et al., 2013; Zhan et al 2014; Meng et al, 2014]. We propose to extend the determination of the complete earthquake energy budget at global scales, using broadband seismic stations at teleseismic distances. Because of the limited ability of retrieving high frequencies at these distances, only earthquakes with M5.5 are analyzed [Poli and Prieto, 2014]. Therefore, we will include at least two areas with records of intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes at regional scales (e.g., Mexico, Chile) that will allow for accurate analysis of M3.5. For an accurate analysis of the earthquake source process, it is necessary to determine both static source parameters - including magnitude, duration and rupture size - and dynamic parameters like radiated seismic energy and rupture velocity. With these parameters it will be possible to determine the energy partitioning during earthquake rupture. We hope to be able to relate our observed variations with geodynamical properties of the associated subducted slabs and better constrain the physical mechanism involved in deep earthquake rupture [e.g. Yamasaki & Seno, 2003, Reynard et al., 2010 Green, 2015].