Earthquake source processes of natural and anthropogenic origins

在过去的几十年里，日益密集和高分辨率的地球观测网络揭示了沿着主要板块边界和相对稳定的板块内部的广泛的地震和无震变形模式。在地震能量释放以构造地震为主的同时，人类资源勘探活动也对地震活动的发生做出了重大贡献。我的研究项目试图从数值模拟和观测地震学的角度来理解自然和人为地震的震源机制，包括地震和无震滑动过程。 在数值模拟方面，我的团队将进一步开发地震物理模型，以了解幕式慢滑事件以及与主要俯冲带地震的相互作用。我们将使用沿卡斯卡迪亚边缘的陆上和近海大地测量和地震观测来约束断层摩擦特性，这反过来将指导用于地震危险性评估的巨型逆冲地震破裂情景模拟。这一方法将适用于大地测量和地震覆盖充分的其他俯冲带。 在观测方面，我们将利用来自不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部密集阵列的地震、大地测量和地下水采样数据，在过去十年中，那里的页岩气勘探过程中活跃的水力压裂已被推断为导致地震活跃率急剧增加。通过将震源参数反演、地面位移监测和流体注入历史积分结合到一个孔隙弹性模型中，我们试图实现对加拿大西部沉积盆地流体注入诱发地震活动的震源过程的全面理解。我还将参与设计和实施圣劳伦斯河沿岸的海底地震仪实验，从那里收集的数据将补充从陆地站收集的数据，以帮助约束地震活动的细节，并阐明加拿大东部活动地震带的地壳和上地幔结构。 总而言之，我的研究计划将对我们理解沿主要边界断层和大陆内部地震带的广泛断层滑动行为做出基本贡献，无论是自然成因还是人为成因。研究结果将促进从概念性认识向地震和慢滑的定量预测过渡，提高我们的地震预报和危险性评估能力。

Over the past couple of decades, increasingly dense and high-resolution Earth observatory networks have revealed a wide spectrum of seismic and aseismic deformation modes along major plate boundaries and within relatively stable plate interiors. While tectonic earthquakes are dominant in seismic energy release, human activities in resource exploration are also making significant contributions to the occurrence of seismicity. My research program seeks to understand the source mechanism of natural and anthropogenic earthquakes, including seismic and aseismic slip processes, from the perspectives of numerical modeling and observational seismology. On the numerical modeling front, my group will further develop earthquake physics models for understanding episodic slow slip events and interaction with earthquakes in major subduction zones. We will use geodetic and seismological observations, onshore and offshore, along the Cascadia margin to constrain fault frictional properties, which in turn will guide megathrust earthquake rupture scenario simulations to be used in seismic hazard assessment. This approach will be applied to other subduction zones where there is sufficient geodetic and seismic coverage. On the observational front, we will utilize seismic, geodetic and groundwater sampling data from a dense array in northeast British Columbia, where active hydraulic fracturing during shale gas exploration has been inferred to cause a dramatic increase in seismicity rate in the past decade. By combining earthquake source parameter inversion, ground displacement monitoring and integration to fluid injection history to a poroelastic model, we seek to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the source processes of seismicity induced by fluid injection in the western Canada sedimentary basin. I will also participate in the design and implementation of an ocean bottom seismometer experiment along the St-Lawrence River, data collected from which will complement those from the land stations to help constrain details of seismicity and illuminate the crustal and upper mantle structure along active seismic zones in eastern Canada In summary, my research program will make fundamental contributions to our understanding of a wide spectrum of fault slip behavior both along major boundary faults and continental interior seismic zones, of either natural or anthropogenic origins. The results will promote the transition from conceptual understanding towards quantitative prediction of earthquakes and slow slip, and improve our ability for earthquake forecast and hazard assessment.