RESEARCH-PGR: Adapting Perennial Crops for Climate Change: Graft Transmissible Effects of Rootstocks on Grapevine Shoots

主要研究者：Allison米勒（圣刘易斯易斯大学）CoPI：丹尼尔Chitwood（Donald Danforth Plant Science Center）、Anne Fennell（南达科他州州立大学）、Jason Londo（USDA-ARS/日内瓦，NY）; Laszlo Kovacs（密苏里州State University-Springfield）和Misha Kwasniewski（University of Missouri-Columbia）;高级人员：Qin Ma（南达科他州州立大学）、Andrew Wyatt（密苏里州Botanical Garden）和Peter Wastins（Ernest& Julio Gallo Winery，莫德斯托，CA）。 长寿植物如何科普气候变化，季节变化，年复一年？多年生植物适应环境变化的机制是什么？植物的地下部分如何在整个植物水平上做出反应？在多年生木本作物中，包括葡萄藤和大多数水果树和坚果树，嫁接是一种手术增强，将芽系统的茎（接穗）与根系的茎（根茎）拼接在一起，通常将不同的基因型或物种连接到一起成为一株植物。嫁接使多年生作物的发展，无性繁殖和分布到新的和不同的环境中，通过分离芽和根的育种工作。本计画利用嫁接葡萄与基因组学，从系统层面了解砧木如何改变接穗的表型与可塑性。通过加深对根系对茎系统表型影响的基因组基础和遗传结构的了解，这些结果对国家和全球葡萄产业以及一般木本作物具有影响。综合教育和推广包括在密苏里州和南达科他州的农村和城市地区培训博士后，研究生和本科生研究人员，通过与USDA-ARS葡萄遗传学研究单位和工业合作伙伴Ernest Julio Gallo Winery的强大合作关系得到支持。计划在密苏里州植物园和美国植物园开展有关可持续农业、作物进化和生物多样性的外联活动。克隆繁殖，嫁接作物品种提供了最佳的研究系统，了解根系的能力，在不同的气候条件下调节地上部系统的表型。葡萄藤是这项工作的一个特殊模型，具有测序和注释的葡萄参考基因组，野生葡萄品种的参考转录组，SNP发现和转录组分析的生物信息学管道，高通量表型分析方法，以及不同环境中的研究和生产葡萄园。本项目主要研究葡萄藤的根与茎的相互作用：1）密苏里州的一个现有的普通花园研究葡萄园，分析未嫁接和嫁接到三种不同砧木上的普通接穗的年际表型变化; 2）加州不同环境中的商业葡萄园，分析环境对根与茎通讯的影响; 3）一个新的分离砧木作图群体在四个气候带复制，并与一个共同的接穗嫁接，以表征基因型x环境的相互作用的接穗表型调节的根;和4）学术和工业伙伴关系，进行广泛的跨学科培训和推广。将生成全面的表型数据（RNAseq、生理学、代谢和形态学）。鉴于人们对多年生作物作为可持续农业的重要组成部分越来越感兴趣，该项目提供了一个有价值的深入研究长寿植物表型变异的遗传和环境基础，这是生物学中的一个基本挑战，在作物改良中具有重要应用。在这个项目中产生的数据将提供一个前所未有的机会，产生遗传x环境相互作用模型和系统生物学分析的遗传贡献的砧木接穗表型。所有数据将通过长期储存库向公众开放。

PI: Allison Miller (Saint Louis University)CoPIs: Daniel Chitwood (Donald Danforth Plant Science Center), Anne Fennell (South Dakota State University), Jason Londo (USDA-ARS/ Geneva, NY); Laszlo Kovacs (Missouri State University-Springfield), and Misha Kwasniewski (University of Missouri-Columbia);Senior Personnel: Qin Ma (South Dakota State University), Andrew Wyatt (Missouri Botanical Garden), and Peter Cousins (Ernest & Julio Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA). How do long-lived plants cope with a shifting climate, over seasons, and from year to year? What are the mechanisms that enable perennial plants to adjust to environmental changes, and how does the belowground part of the plant contribute to responses at a whole plant level? In perennial woody crops, including grapevine and most fruit and nut trees, grafting is a surgical enhancement that splices together the stem of the shoot system (scion) with the stem of the root system (rootstock), often joining different genotypes or species into a single plant. Grafting enables the development, clonal propagation, and distribution of perennial crops into new and diverse environments by separating breeding efforts for shoots and roots. This project uses grafted grapevines and genomics to produce a systems-level understanding of how rootstocks modify scion phenotype and plasticity. Results have implications for the national and global grape industry, and woody crops in general, by advancing understanding of the genomic basis and genetic architecture of the influence of the root system on shoot system phenotype. Integrated education and outreach include training post-doctoral, graduate, and undergraduate researchers in rural and urban locations in Missouri and South Dakota, bolstered by a strong collaborative relationship with the USDA-ARS Grape Genetics Research Unit and industrial partner Ernest & Julio Gallo Winery. Related outreach activities addressing sustainable agriculture, crop evolution, and biodiversity are planned at the Missouri Botanical Garden and U.S. Botanical Garden. Clonally propagated, grafted crop species provide the optimal study system for understanding the ability of the root system to modulate shoot system phenotypes across variable climates. Grapevine is an exceptional model for this work with a sequenced and annotated V. vinifera reference genome, reference transcriptomes for wild grapevine species, bioinformatic pipelines for SNP discovery and transcriptome analyses, high-throughput phenotyping methods, and research and production vineyards in diverse environments. This project focuses on root and shoot interactions in grapevine leveraging: 1) an existing common garden research vineyard in Missouri, to analyze inter-annual phenotypic variation in a common scion growing ungrafted and also grafted to three different rootstocks; 2) commercial vineyards across disparate environments of California, to assay environmental influences on root-shoot communication; 3) a new segregating rootstock mapping population replicated in four climatic zones and grafted with a common scion, to characterize genotype x environment interactions of scion phenotypes modulated by the root; and 4) academic and industry partnerships, to conduct extensive interdisciplinary training and outreach. Comprehensive phenotypic data (RNAseq, physiological, metabolic, and morphological) will be generated. Given increasing interest in perennial crops as important components of sustainable agriculture, this project offers a valuable in-depth look at genetic and environmental bases of phenotypic variation in in long-lived plants, a fundamental challenge in biology with important applications in crop improvement. Data generated in this project will provide an unprecedented opportunity to produce genetic x environment interaction models and systems biology analysis of the genetic contribution of rootstocks to scion phenotypes. All data will be made accessible to the public through long-term repositories.