EAGER/Cybermanufacturing: Architecture and Protocols for Scalable Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems

网络物理制造系统通过共享制造资源、操作制造机器以及通过互联网将客户与制造资源连接起来，具有极大地改变制造业的潜力。它集成了网络、嵌入式计算、控制、制造、服务和云计算技术，以提高制造效率和资源利用率。尽管其前景光明，但在充分发挥网络物理制造的潜力并在工业中广泛采用方面仍存在许多重大而具有挑战性的问题。其中之一是网络物理制造系统的可扩展性。网络物理制造系统必须具有高度的可扩展性，以集成大量制造机器和其他资源的能力和服务，并对其进行操作和控制，并通过互联网向全球客户提供这些制造设备和服务。另一个问题是用于通过互联网通信制造服务和控制工厂车间中的制造机器的网络协议。在这个早期概念探索性研究资助(AGER)项目中，将探索可扩展的网络物理制造系统的新体系结构和协议。预期的创新将改善制造商和消费者之间的联系，简化跨组织边界的制造服务交换，提高制造资源的利用率，减少他们的空闲时间。这项研究将被整合到两个机构的几个计算机科学和先进制造课程的教学中。网络化制造研究将扩大制造设施和工具的覆盖范围，并有助于扩大代表不足的群体参与研究的范围。网络物理制造系统仍处于研发的早期阶段。本项目将在可扩展的网络物理制造系统的体系结构和网络协议方面开展若干探索性研究任务。首先，将研究一种面向服务的可扩展的网络物理制造系统的体系结构，该体系结构通过互联网将来自各种制造服务提供商的大量制造机器的服务与客户联系起来。第二，将调查互联网规模的制造服务协议，该协议允许通过互联网跨越组织边界进行制造服务通信，并使制造机器能够在网络物理制造系统中即插即用。第三，将创建实时以太网协议，使通过互联网监测和控制制造操作的实时通信成为可能。第四，研究制造机器虚拟化的方法，使制造资源更容易整合到网络空间中，用于网络物理制造系统。最后，将开发一台试验台来对上述技术和方法进行评估。

Cyber-physical manufacturing systems have potential to transform manufacturing industry in a significant fashion by sharing manufacturing resources, operating manufacturing machines, and connecting customers with manufacturing resources over the Internet. It integrates networking, embedded computing, control, manufacturing, service and cloud computing technologies to increase manufacturing efficiency and resource utilization. Despite its promising future, there are many significant and challenging issues in realizing the full potential of and wide adoption cyber-physical manufacturing in industry. One of them is the scalability of cyber-physical manufacturing systems. Cyber-physical manufacturing systems must be highly scalable to integrate the capabilities and services of a large number of manufacturing machines and other resources, operate and control them, and make them available to customers worldwide over the Internet. Another issue is network protocols for communicating manufacturing services and controlling manufacturing machines in factory floors over the Internet. In this EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) project, new architectures and protocols for scalable cyber-physical manufacturing systems will be explored. The expected innovations will improve connections between manufacturers and consumers, ease the exchange of manufacturing services across organizational boundaries, and increase utilization of manufacturing resources and reduce their idle time. The research will be integrated into the instruction of several classes on computer science and advanced manufacturing in two institutions. The cyber-enabled manufacturing research will expand the reach of manufacturing facilities and tools and help broaden participation of underrepresented groups in research.Cyber-physical manufacturing systems are still in an early phase of their research and development. Several exploratory research tasks on the architecture and network protocols of scalable cyber-physical manufacturing systems will be carried out in this project. First, a service oriented architecture of scalable cyber-physical manufacturing systems, which links services of a large number of manufacturing machines from a variety of manufacturing service providers with customers over the Internet, will be investigated. Second, an Internet-scale manufacturing service protocol, which allows communication of manufacturing services across organizational boundaries over the Internet and enables plug-and-play of manufacturing machines in cyber-physical manufacturing systems, will be investigated. Third, a real-time Ethernet protocol, which enables real-time communication for monitoring and controlling manufacturing operations over the Internet, will be created. Fourth, a method of virtualization of manufacturing machines, which makes it easy to incorporate manufacturing resources in cyberspace for cyber-physical manufacturing systems, will be researched. Finally, a test bed will be developed for evaluation of the above techniques and methods.