CAREER: BREEZE: Boundary-layer REsearch and Education ZonE

空气的湍流运动对于热量、动量和湿气在大气层中的传输非常重要。湍流通常被认为是一种小尺度现象，并且湍流的产生和消散被假定在数值天气模式的一个网格单元内。然而，随着计算机模型以更高的分辨率运行，这一假设是否有效还不清楚。该奖项将利用激光雷达(光探测和测距)系统对风和湍流的观测目录来研究湍流耗散。这项研究将对天气预报产生影响，具体应用于风力发电、空气质量预报、雾和森林火灾。作为一个职业奖项，还有一个非常大的教育和外展部分。该奖项的这一方面的重点是创造视觉上有吸引力的教材，这些教材可以从中学时代开始使用。研究小组将帮助制定教案，并与教师合作，确保材料的使用。具体的重点将放在科罗拉多州农村、服务不足的课堂上。在数值模式中，湍流的产生和消散被假定为局部平衡的。然而，随着模型以更高的分辨率运行，这一假设不再成立。本研究项目的目的是确定湍流产生和耗散之间的局部不平衡在多大的时空尺度上变得重要。为实现这一目标，计划开展四项研究活动：(1)量化激光雷达耗散估计中的不确定性，(2)通过建立由按不同气象和物理条件分类的测量结果组成的数据档案来量化耗散的可变性，(3)使用WRF和WRF-LES模拟系统将模拟的耗散可变性与观测值进行比较，(4)测试不假设湍流产生和耗散局部平衡的新参数。

The turbulent movement of air is important for the transport of heat, momentum and moisture throughout the atmosphere. Turbulence is generally thought of as a small-scale phenomenon, and the generation and dissipation of turbulence has been assumed to be within one grid cell of a numerical weather model. However, with computer models running at finer resolution, it is not clear that this assumption is valid. This award will make use of a catalog of observations of wind and turbulence from lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) systems to study turbulence dissipation. The study will have an impact on weather forecasting, with specific applications to wind power production, air quality forecasting, fog, and forest fires. As a CAREER award, there is also a very large educational and outreach component. The focus of this aspect of the award is on creating teaching materials that are visually appealing and can be used from the middle school ages on up. The research team will help to create a lesson plan and to work with teachers to ensure use of the materials. A specific focus will be on the implementation of the materials in rural, under-served Colorado classrooms.Turbulence production and dissipation is assumed to be locally balanced in numerical models. However, as the models are run at finer resolution, this assumption no longer holds. The goal of this research project is to determine at what spatio-temporal scale the local imbalance between turbulence production and dissipation becomes important. Four research activities are planned to address this goal: (1) Quantify uncertainty in lidar estimates of dissipation, (2) Quantify the variability of dissipation through the construction of a data archive consisting of measurements classified by different meteorological and physical conditions, (3) Compare simulated dissipation variability to observations using WRF and WRF-LES modeling systems, (4) Test new parameterizations that do not assume locally balanced turbulence production and dissipation.