SG: Phylogenomic analyses of goldenrods (Solidago, Asteraceae) using herbarium specimens

黄花是一种分布广泛，但在分类上具有挑战性的植物，估计有150种，主要生活在北美。以前试图确定有多少物种以及它们之间的关系已经失败，因为涉及大量的潜在物种，这些物种之间的广泛杂交，以及群体内物种的进化分歧。对一枝黄花生物多样性的有限了解减缓了植物进化生态学的进展。 黄菊已经成为许多重要过程的关键研究系统，包括物种形成，入侵物种生物学，土壤中的养分循环和授粉生物学。这项研究将通过使用大量的DNA序列数据来重建群体中的进化关系。项目参与者，包括三名本科生研究人员，将在项目合作者的指导下，从代表所有150种假定的一枝黄花物种的标本中采集组织样本，该项目合作者是一枝黄花分类学的全球专家。这一方法将使这一大属的系谱重建迅速和经济，并将提供一个重要的进化框架，为其他黄花研究人员。该项目将采用锚定的基因组学方法，以捕获DNA序列数据从1200个位置的黄花（一枝黄花，菊科）的基因组。每个物种的多个样本将专门从植物标本馆标本中获得，这些标本已被证明含有足够数量和质量的DNA，可用于该基因组技术。采样将集中在4200个一枝黄花植物标本馆标本上，研究小组和合作者先前已经获得了染色体计数，使用高度准确的微卫星等位基因数量方法估计了额外样本的细胞型。为了建立发散和网状的进化事件，将重建仅二倍体和组合二倍体/多倍体物种树。这项研究的系统发育、分类和方法学成果将在科学期刊上传播，并通过项目合作者维护的以Solidago为重点的网站更广泛地传播。

Goldenrods are a widespread, yet taxonomically challenging group of plants with an estimated 150 species that mainly live in North America. Previous attempts to determine how many species there are and how they are related have failed because of the large number of potential species involved, extensive hybridization among these species, and the seemingly recent evolutionary divergence of species within the group. The limited understanding of goldenrod biodiversity has slowed progress in plant evolutionary ecology. Goldenrods have emerged as a critical study system for many important processes including species formation, invasive species biology, nutrient cycling in soils, and pollination biology. This research will reconstruct evolutionary relationships in the group by using large amounts of DNA sequence data. Project participants, including three undergraduate researchers, will sample tissue from specimens representing all 150 putative goldenrod species under the guidance of a project collaborator who is the global expert on goldenrod taxonomy. This approach will allow the genealogy of this large genus to be reconstructed rapidly and economically, and will provide an essential evolutionary framework for other goldenrod researchers.This project will employ an anchored phylogenomics approach to capture DNA sequence data from 1200 locations across the genome of goldenrods (Solidago, Asteraceae). Multiple samples from each species will be obtained exclusively from herbarium specimens, which have been shown to harbor DNA of sufficient quantity and quality for this genomic technique. Sampling will focus on the 4200 Solidago herbarium specimens for which the research team and collaborators have previously obtained a chromosome count, with the cytotype of additional samples estimated using a highly-accurate microsatellite allele number approach. Both diploids-only and combined diploid/polyploid species trees will be reconstructed in order to establish both divergent and reticulate evolutionary events. Phylogenetic, taxonomic, and methodological results stemming from this research will be disseminated in scientific journals and more broadly through a Solidago-focused website maintained by a project collaborator.