Evolution of a Post-Disaster Coping Network

这项研究由人类学家Eric C. Jones博士（德克萨斯大学健康科学中心，休斯顿）和Arthur D. Murphy博士（北卡罗来纳大学，格林斯博罗）共同完成，调查了社区网络对个人和家庭对大规模创伤和极端事件的反应的影响。大规模创伤事件，如公共场所枪击和爆炸事件，在事件发生后很长一段时间内仍在人们的生活中挥之不去。他们还将以前的陌生人联系在一起，并以对个人和社区的恢复过程产生重大影响的方式这样做。这项研究的目的是了解不同的网络群体是如何发展的，它们是如何随时间变化的，以及这些变化是如何影响和被他们对事件及其后果的反应所影响的。因为这是一个动态的过程，在事件发生后立即开始，并在数年内展开，琼斯和墨菲采取了纵向方法：在恢复过程中，对社会群体如何出现，合并和分裂，以及他们如何影响和受其背景和成员的影响进行持续，集中，长期的调查。他们关注的焦点事件是2009年发生在墨西哥Hermasillo日托中心的火灾，造成49名幼儿死亡，多人受伤。该奖项支持第三轮数据收集和分析。研究人员将绘制出当地居民和受影响家庭的正式命名群体，以及父母和看护人之间的非正式子网络（通过分层聚类计算）。他们还将进行深入访谈和参与者观察（如参加游行，会议，纪念活动），以了解不同的子群体如何随着时间的推移产生不同的意义和恢复途径。网络数据将使用嵌入性和桥接性的正式网络建模措施进行分析。访谈数据将通过文本分析软件进行编码分析。初步研究结果表明，虽然参与一个由分享和理解自己经历的人组成的网络有时会提供支持优势，但这并不总是正确的。琼斯和墨菲将探讨分歧和冲突的根源，它们如何影响康复，以及是什么产生了例外，这些冲突和个人问题，如内疚、抑郁、恐惧和无助被克服。这个项目在灾难和创伤研究的社区心理学和人类学领域之间建立了新的联系。它还为对极端事件和治理感兴趣的政治科学家，研究危害和脆弱性的地理学家以及专注于灾害和社会组织的社会学家等更广泛的受众带来了对影响和恢复的见解。更好地了解应对大规模创伤事件的社会方面，对心理咨询师、政府官员和政策制定者都很重要，因为他们必须帮助那些在创伤后挣扎着寻找意义和正义的人。

This study, by anthropologists Dr. Eric C. Jones (University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston) and Dr. Arthur D. Murphy (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), investigates the effects of community networks on individual and family responses to mass trauma and extreme events. Mass trauma events, such as public venue shootings and bombings, linger in people's lives long after the events themselves. They also tie together former strangers and do so in ways that significantly affect the recovery process for both individuals and communities. The goal of the research is to understand how different networked groups develop, how they change over time, and how those changes affect and are affected by their reaction to the events and their aftermath. Because this is a dynamic process that begins right after an event takes place and unfolds over years, Jones and Murphy have taken a longitudinal approach: a sustained, focused, long-term investigation of how social groups emerge, coalesce, and divide, as well as how they affect and are affected by their contexts and memberships, during the recovery process. Their focal event is a 2009 fire that broke out in a Hermasillo, Mexico, day care center and killed 49 young children while also injuring many more. This award supports a third round of data collection and analysis.The researchers will map out the formal named groups of local residents and affected families and the informal sub-networks (calculated with hierarchical clustering) among parents and caretakers. They also will conduct in-depth interviews and participant observation (such as attending marches, meetings, commemorations) to understand how the different subgroups generate diverse meanings and pathways to recovery over time. The network data will be analyzed with formal network modeling measures of embeddedness and bridging. The interview data will be coded for analysis with text analysis software. Preliminary findings suggest that while participation in a network of people who shared and understood their experience sometimes afforded a support advantage, this was not always true. Jones and Murphy will explore the sources of disagreement and conflict, how these affect recovery, and what produces exceptions where these conflicts and individual problems like guilt, depression, fear and helplessness are overcome. This project builds new links between the fields of community psychology and anthropology in disaster and trauma studies. It also brings insights on impact and recovery to a broader audience of political scientists interested in extreme events and governance, geographers who study hazards and vulnerability, and sociologists concentrating on disasters and social organization. Better knowledge of social aspects of coping in mass trauma events is important for counselors, as well as public officials and policy makers who must help those who struggle to find meaning and justice post-trauma.