A Novel Diamond Nanode Technology for Highly Multiplexed, Multimodal Biosensing of Brain Chemicals

PI: Prabhu ArumugamA对人类大脑的实际理解是21世纪最大的科学挑战之一。目前用于阐明脑功能的化学机制的神经探针缺乏检测多种脑分析物所需的多路复用和多模态能力，这些脑分析物与各种脑疾病有关。该项目将通过开发高灵敏度、高可靠性的金刚石-铂纳米电极来推进基础神经科学研究，该电极能够感知大脑化学物质的局部浓度变化。纳米电极还将促进细胞和亚细胞域内新兴分析测量的基本进展。了解人类大脑是21世纪最大的科学挑战之一。在这个备受关注的领域，先前的研究已经证明了神经化学物质、毒素和场电位在健康和患病状态下神经元通讯的重要性。这些关键功能之间相互作用的动态，在大脑的所有区域，显然是至关重要的临床发展有用的脑化学模型。这项拟议的研究将导致一种新型多用途生物传感纳米探针的发展，这种纳米探针能够几乎同时在体内感应体液中的多种脑分析物。该探针将利用新的碳纳米结构、先进的纳米电极几何形状、制造工艺和氧化还原循环方法，证明与当前的神经传感电极相比，其关键传感器指标（即灵敏度、选择性和检测极限）至少增加了10倍。具体来说，将首次使用几个单独寻址的BDUNCD（硼掺杂超晶金刚石）和Pt纳米环纳米电极微加工一个用于脑分析物测试的同心三维纳米探针。纳米的潜在应用之一是局部感知不同大脑分析物水平的变化，如多巴胺、铅和电场电位，受外部刺激（如神经调节）的影响。这将从根本上提高对神经刺激机制的理解，这是一项很有前途的技术，目前正用于治疗脑部疾病患者。这个项目的中心目标是创造新的纳米，这也将使细胞和亚细胞领域的新兴分析测量取得进展。该项目将提供创新的纳米探针，以推进基础科学，预计将在其独特的多功能，多模态和多路复用能力方面具有变革性。该研究将为包括高灵敏度和高选择性纳米化学传感在内的一般纳米生物传感领域贡献新的先进材料和制造科学。

PI: Prabhu ArumugamA practical understanding of the human brain is one of the the greatest scientific challenges of the 21st century. Current neural probes to elucidate the chemical mechanisms underlying brain function lack the multiplexing and multimodal capabilities necessary for detecting multiple classes of brain analytes that have been implicated in various brain disorders. This project will advance basic neuroscience research by the development of highly sensitive, and highly reliable diamond-platinum nanoelectrodes capable of sensing local concentration changes of brain chemicals. The nanoelectrodes will also facilitate fundamental advances in emerging analytical measurements within cellular and sub-cellular domains.An understanding of the human brain is one of the greatest scientific challenge of the 21st century. Previous research in this highly topical field has demonstrated the importance of neurochemicals, toxins and field potentials for neuronal communication in healthy and diseased states. The dynamics of interaction between these key functions, in all areas of the brain, is clearly of critical clinical importance to the development of a useful brain chemical model. The proposed research will result in the development of a novel multi-purpose biosensing nanoprobe capable of near simultaneous in vivo sensing of multiple brain analytes in body fluids. The proposed probe will utilize new carbon nanostructures, advanced nanoelectrode geometries and fabrication processes and redox cycling methods to demonstrate at least a 10-fold increase in the key sensor metrics, i.e. the sensitivity, selectivity and limits of detection as compared to current neural sensing electrodes. Specifically, and for the first time, a concentric three-dimensional nanoprobe for brain analyte testing will be microfabricated with several individually addressable BDUNCD (Boron-Doped Ultrananocrystalline Diamond) and Pt nanoring nanoelectrodes ?nanodes?. One of the potential applications of the nanodes is the localized sensing of changes in the levels of different brain analytes, e.g. dopamine, lead and electrical field potentials as affected by external stimuli such as neuromodulation. This will fundamentally improve understanding of neurostimulation mechanisms, which is a promising technique now being employed for patients with brain disorders. The creation of new nanodes, the central goal of this project, would also allow progress in emerging analytical measurements within cellular and sub-cellular domains. This project will deliver innovative nanoprobes to advance basic science that is expected to be transformative in terms of its unique multifunctional, multimodal and multiplexing capability. The proposed research will contribute new advanced materials and fabrication science to the general nanobiosensing field including nanodes for high sensitivity and high selectivity chemical sensing.