EAGER: Quantum Manufacturing: Supporting Future Quantum Applications by Developing a Robust, Scalable Process to Create Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Qubits

EAGER：量子制造：通过开发稳健、可扩展的工艺来创建钻石氮空位中心量子位，支持未来的量子应用

• 批准号: 2242049
• 负责人: April Brown
• 金额: $ 29.97万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2242049&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Quantum; Manufacturing; Supporting; Future

This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) Quantum Manufacturing award will support innovative research to demonstrate a new approach and reveal new knowledge on the creation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond for quantum bit implementation. Quantum information applications, such as quantum computing, communications, and sensing, rely on the implementation of reproducible and robust quantum bits, or qubits. Numerous materials and systems have been identified to create qubits, but diamond is of particular interest because its NV centers are very stable and provide relatively long room temperature coherence times. However, the creation of color centers in wide -bandgap semiconductors, such as diamond, is challenging. Qubit fabrication in these materials has been primarily based on conventional microelectronics manufacturing techniques. While these approaches have provided a basis for diamond-based qubit system studies, conventional microelectronic processing techniques are not optimal for color center manufacturing. To change this, the research will utilize a robust and scalable diamond growth technique coupled with carbon nanotube electron beam irradiation to create the defects. While NV centers in diamond have been shown to be efficacious for qubit realization, current manufacturing processes remain challenging. Most implementations rely on the post- processing identification of effective qubits created using ion implantation and annealing. Specific manufacturing challenges relate to the difficulties in balancing defect center creation and diamond defect and strain introduction, control of the spatial location of NV centers, and the difficulty in scaling processes to large-area diamond wafers. The new process rests on the synthesis of large-area diamond prototype wafers and the use of arrays of carbon-nanotube bundles enabling the controlled introduction of NV centers using field emission and electron bombardment. This new approach enables more control of the energy required to create NV centers allowing the trade-off of qubit creation and defect production, as well as significant advances in the control of spatial positioning of qubits. The results from this research will benefit the US economy and society. Quantum information systems will significantly enhance technologies for security, communications, biomedical sensing, and computing. This research involves several disciplines including manufacturing, materials science, and electrical engineering. The multi-disciplinary approach will help broaden the participation of underrepresented groups in research and will positively impact engineering education.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项EARLY概念探索性研究（EAGER）量子制造奖将支持创新研究，以展示一种新方法，并揭示有关在金刚石中创建氮空位（NV）色心以实现量子比特的新知识。量子信息应用，如量子计算、通信和传感，依赖于可再现和鲁棒的量子比特或量子比特的实现。已经确定了许多材料和系统来创建量子位，但金刚石特别令人感兴趣，因为它的NV中心非常稳定，并且提供相对较长的室温相干时间。然而，在宽带隙半导体（例如金刚石）中产生色心是具有挑战性的。这些材料中的量子比特制造主要基于传统的微电子制造技术。虽然这些方法为基于金刚石的量子位系统研究提供了基础，但传统的微电子加工技术对于色心制造并不是最佳的。为了改变这一点，该研究将利用一种强大且可扩展的金刚石生长技术，再加上碳纳米管电子束照射来制造缺陷。虽然金刚石中的NV中心已被证明对量子位实现有效，但目前的制造工艺仍然具有挑战性。大多数实现依赖于使用离子注入和退火创建的有效量子位的后处理识别。具体的制造挑战涉及平衡缺陷中心产生和金刚石缺陷和应变引入的困难、NV中心的空间位置的控制以及将工艺缩放到大面积金刚石晶片的困难。新工艺依赖于大面积金刚石原型晶片的合成和碳纳米管束阵列的使用，从而能够使用场发射和电子轰击来控制NV中心的引入。这种新方法能够更好地控制创建NV中心所需的能量，从而实现量子位创建和缺陷产生的权衡，以及量子位空间定位控制的重大进展。 这项研究的结果将有利于美国经济和社会。量子信息系统将大大增强安全、通信、生物医学传感和计算技术。这项研究涉及多个学科，包括制造，材料科学和电气工程。多学科的方法将有助于扩大在研究中代表性不足的群体的参与，并将积极影响工程教育。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。