Niche evolution of Tibetan-Himalayan Rhyacophilidae (Trichoptera) II: Comparative Phylogeography and Niche Differentiation of Alpine/Subalpine Himalopsyche of the Himalayan/QTP Region

在DFG研究集群PAK 807/1藏-喜玛拉雅山生物群的起源与演化中，我们对喜玛拉雅山/青藏高原（QTP）地区的球蝇属（caddisfly genus Himalopsyche）的深层多样性、生物地理和生态位演化进行了评估。在第二阶段，我们将关注最近的生物多样性演变，即种内多样化和物种水平的生态位分化。这些过程很可能与冰期旋回期间物种范围的收缩和扩张有关。因此，本研究的目的是研究喜马拉雅/QTP地区某些粉虱物种的系统地理学和生态位分化。具体而言，我们将1)采用基于锚定杂交富集（锚定杂交富集）数据的大规模多位点系统地理方法，比较喜马拉雅山脉和横断山脉两种高山/亚高山喜马拉雅物种对的系统地理特征，并使用聚结分析框架验证假设；2)沿着我们的目标物种所占据的河流网络建立相关淡水环境层的高分辨率空间数据集。利用这些数据，以及在伞式项目中生成的古气候和古植被模型（建议A: Hickler et al.）。青藏高原（QTP）地区新近纪气候和生物群落动态作为多样性模式的潜在驱动因素，我们将评估遗传群体结构，推断目标物种的人口统计学和迁徙历史；B)阐明高山/亚高山物种对的生态位分化，包括气候生态位和生物群系的关联；c)基于物种分布模型实验和分子数据分析的对比，推断末次极盛期（LGM）和末次间冰期（LIG）的历史分布。该项目将深入了解地形对水生昆虫迁徙模式的重要性，以及山脉在环境变化下作为物种泵的作用。

In the first phase of DFG research cluster PAK 807/1 Origin and Evolution of Tibetan-Himalayan biotas we assessed the deeper diversification, biogeography and niche evolution of the caddisfly genus Himalopsyche in the Himalaya/Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region. In the second phase, we will focus on recent biodiversity evolution, i.e. intraspecific diversification and species-level niche differentiation. These processes are most likely associated with species range contractions and expansions during glacial cycles. The objective of this follow-up proposal is thus to study the phylogeography and niche differentiation of selected caddisfly species in the Himalayan/QTP region. Specifically we will1) compare the phylogeography of two alpine/subalpine species pairs of Himalopsyche along the Himalayan range and the Hengduan Mountains with a large-scale multi-locus phylogeographic approach based on anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) data to test hypotheses using a coalescent analytical framework; and2) develop a high-resolution spatial dataset of relevant freshwater environmental layers along the stream network occupied by our target species.Using these data, as well as paleoclimate and paleovegetation models generated in the umbrella project (Proposal A: Hickler et al. Neogene dynamics of climate and biomes as potential drivers of diversification patterns in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region), we will thenA) assess genetic population structure and infer the demographic and migratory history of the target species;B) elucidate putative niche differentiation of the alpine/subalpine species pairs, including climate niches and biome associations; andC) infer the historical distributions in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) based on a comparison of species distribution model experiments and molecular data analysis.The project will generate insights on the importance of topography on migration patterns of aquatic insects and the role of mountain ranges as species pumps under environmental change.