The comparison of electoral systems' functions with a special focus on mixed systems

PR和多数制都有积极和消极的影响。从20世纪80年代开始，人们开始讨论混合选举制度是否可以结合两种类型的优点。然而，迄今为止对这个问题的现有贡献是不够的。该项目旨在解决这个问题。到目前为止，对混合选举制度还没有一个普遍接受的定义。有些作者甚至否认这种系统的存在。因此，第一步是在这个领域做基础工作。此外，缺乏衡量选举制度职能的指标。对于多元制度的优势来说尤其如此。第三，以前的研究往往缺乏对某些选举制度产生影响的确切原因的研究。第一个和第二个问题是处理主要问题的基础，在完成这两个问题之后，系统的研究应查明对（混合）选举制度的正面或负面影响至关重要的因素。因此，我们提出了一个小n和大n的组合。案例研究的重点是德国的personalisierte Verhältniswahl，它经常被描述为混合选举制度的积极例子。从这个案例研究中，我们可以了解到底是什么导致了积极的影响，以及在什么条件下会产生积极的影响。大部分是指对混合选举制度进行广泛的国际比较，以便确定混合选举制度设计的变量，这些变量在统计上与积极或消极影响有关。

Both PR and plurality/majority systems have positive as well as negative effects. Since the 1980s, a discussion has come up if mixed electoral systems could combine advantages of both types. However, the hitherto existing contributions to this question are insufficient. It is the projects aim to deal with this question. By now, there is no generally accepted definition of mixed electoral systems. Some authors even deny the existence of such systems. Thus, the first step is doing basic groundwork in this field. Further, there is a lack of indicators for the measurement of electoral systems functions. This is especially true for advantages of plurality systems. Third, former studies often lack to search for what exactly causes effects of certain electoral systems. After having finished the first and second problem, which are basic for dealing with the main question, systematic studies shall identify factors which are crucial for positive or negative effects of (mixed) electoral systems. Therefore, a combination of small and large n is proposed. A case study focuses on the German personalisierte Verhältniswahl that is often described as a positive example for mixed electoral systems. From this case study, we can learn what exactly causes the positive effects and under which conditions this is the case. The large n part refers to a broad international comparison of mixed electoral systems in order to identify variables of mixed electoral systems design which are statistically relevant for positive or negative effects.