Phase III I/UCRC Ohio State University: Center for Child Prevention Studies (CChIPS)

根据疾病控制中心（CDC）最近发布的数据，意外伤害是1 - 24岁人群死亡的头号原因。在这些年龄段，车祸是造成意外伤害死亡的主要原因。尽管最近汽车碰撞安全有所改善，但这些数字表明需要继续研究儿童在汽车碰撞中的安全性，因此继续需要儿童伤害预防研究中心（CCHiPS）。CChIPS主要关注的是机动车碰撞事故。在美国，每年有超过150万名儿童发生车祸，其中近1200名儿童受到致命伤害，而超过16.9万名儿童没有受到致命伤害，导致年轻人的生产力大幅下降。CChIPS通过竞争前研究和将工程、行为和流行病学研究成果转化为商业应用、干预措施、政策和公共教育预防计划，促进儿童安全。伤害预防包括减少能量暴露到低于人类耐受极限的水平，并在伤害发生时进行管理。成人的解决方案不适合那些不是小大人的孩子——从生物力学、发育和行为上来说，解决方案需要发生巨大的变化，以适应成长和发展。CChIPS进行的研究发表在领先的科学和工程期刊和会议上，其结果被认为是关于儿童，青少年和年轻人如何受伤以及如何最好地保护他们的知识的变革。儿童伤害预防研究中心（CChIPS）是全国唯一一个专注于儿童伤害预防的国际自然保护委员会，特别强调车祸造成的伤害。CChIPS的使命是通过开展针对儿童、青少年和年轻人伤害的研究，并将研究结果转化为商业应用、干预措施、政策和预防公共教育项目，从而提高儿童、青少年和年轻人的安全。俄亥俄州立CCHiPS网站的技术重点将包括特别强调两个领域：(1)碰撞测试假人开发(2)公众教育和推广。碰撞测试假人是制造商设计和测试儿童约束系统（CRS）的重要安全工具，因此继续改进假人是至关重要的。俄勒冈州立大学现场的主要重点将是继续帮助提高假人预测乘员安全的能力，这将有助于为我们的儿童和青少年开发更好的CRS。不幸的是，根据研究表明，高达75%的座椅安装不当，改进CRS的好处可能会失去。俄勒冈州立大学CChIPS网站开始了一项公共宣传和教育倡议，将研究成果转化为儿童乘客，并向父母和照顾者宣传儿童乘客的安全。这项倡议被称为？与布鲁特斯系好安全带？通过其网站（http://www.buckleup.osu.edu）、社交媒体和社区活动提供正确的汽车座椅使用信息。进一步的研究将集中在这个推广项目上，目标是减少父母和照顾者对CRS的滥用。俄勒冈州立大学的CChIPS网站位于损伤生物力学研究中心（IBRC）内，汇集了一个由工程师、解剖学家、医生和计算机建模师组成的跨学科团队，他们专注于损伤机制和人体损伤阈值。直到最近，生物力学研究界还没有对儿童和年轻人在车祸中经历的暴力冲击的损伤机制和反应有深入的了解。用于估计这些人群受伤严重程度的儿童和青少年碰撞测试假人假设儿童和年轻人是成年人的小版本，因此很难在汽车碰撞中提高对儿童的保护。

According to recent data released by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), unintentional injury is the number one cause of death for individuals between 1 - 24 years old. For these ages, car crashes were the leading cause of unintentional injury death. Despite recent improvements in car crash safety, these numbers demonstrate a need for continued research into the safety of children in car crashes and thus the continued need for the Center for Child Injury Prevention Studies (CCHiPS). CChIPS primary focus is on motor vehicle crashes. Each year in the United States, over 1,500,000 children are occupants in motor vehicle crashes with close to 1,200 children sustaining fatal injuries, while more than 169,000 children are non-fatally injured, leading to substantial loss of productivity in the young. CChIPS advances child safety through pre-competitive research and translation of engineering, behavioral and epidemiologic research findings into commercial applications, interventions, policies, and public education programs for prevention. Injury prevention involves reducing exposure to energy to levels below human tolerance limits and managing the injuries should they occur. Adult solutions are not appropriate for children who are not small adults - biomechanically, developmentally, and behaviorally and solutions need to dramatically change to accommodate growth and development. The research conducted by CChIPS is published in leading scientific and engineering journals and conferences and the results are cited as transformative regarding knowledge of how children, youth and young adults are injured and how to best protect them. The Center for Child Injury Prevention Studies (CChIPS) is the nation's only IUCRC focused on child injury prevention, with a specific emphasis on injury due to car crashes. The mission of CChIPS is to advance the safety of children, youth, and young adults by conducting research focused on their injuries and translating the findings into commercial applications, interventions, policies, and public education programs for prevention. The technical focus of the Ohio State CCHiPS site will include special emphasis on two areas: (1) crash test dummy development (2) public education and outreach. Crash test dummies are an important safety tool used by manufacturers to design and tests child restraint systems (CRS), thus it is critical to continue to improve the dummies. The main focus of the OSU site will be to continue to assist in improving the ability of the dummy to predict occupant safety, which will help lead to the development of better CRS for our children and youth. Unfortunately, the benefit from improved CRS might be lost according to research showing that up to 75% of the seats are improperly installed. The OSU CChIPS site began a public outreach and education initiative to translate research findings and to promote child passenger safety to parents and caregivers. This initiative, called ?Buckle Up With Brutus? provides proper car seat usage information through its website (http://www.buckleup.osu.edu), social media, and community events. Further research will be focused on this outreach program with a goal of reducing the misuse of CRS by parents and care givers. The CChIPS Site at OSU, housed within the Injury Biomechanics Research Center (IBRC), brings together an interdisciplinary team of engineers, anatomists, physicians, and computer modelers who focus on both mechanisms of injury and injury thresholds of the human body. Until recently, the biomechanics research community did not have a deep understanding of the injury mechanisms and response of children and young adults to violent impacts experienced during a car crash. Child and adolescent crash test dummies used to estimate the severity of injury in such populations assumed that children and young adults were smaller versions of adults, thus making it difficult to improve protection for children in automobile crashes.