Theory and practice of democracy. Tocqueville's empirical concept of a 'New Science of Politics'

该研究项目的目的是发展托克维尔对民主的动态理解，这影响了今天的民主辩论。他的民主经验科学的重点是新的政治和社会形式。它结合了实际观察和理论概念化。该计划的基础是对三个主要话语领域的分析，托克维尔在其中发展了他的民主和政治知识概念，将其作为理论与实践之间的联系。首先，这包括政治-议会辩论，托克维尔作为代表、专家和政府代表参加了辩论。然后是关于美国社会和文化的新闻辩论。在这一点上，托克维尔对美国及其民主的动态发展的看法占据了独特的地位。最后是托克维尔理论发展的法国、英国和美国的民主学术话语。在项目期间，出现了新的重要辩论，包括关于社会科学学院实质方向的争论、关于地方自治的政治和议会辩论以及从历史和哲学角度对法国大革命的政治解释。这一核心辩论的呈现与对托克维尔作品的理解有关，托克维尔总是将理论论点与实际的政治改革建议结合起来，这对该项目特别重要。因此，这项建议是必要的。这些辩论的表现提供了托克维尔先前的研究工作和机构联系的见解，并为他的社会网络打开了深远的见解。

The aim of the research project is the development of Tocquevilles dynamic understanding of democracy, which influences the democracy debate to this day. The focus of his empirical sciences of democracy is on new political and social forms. It combines both practical observations and theoretical conceptualizations. Fundamental to the project is the analysis of three major fields of discourse, in which Tocqueville has developed his conception of democracy and political knowledge as a link between theory and practice. These include, first, the political-parliamentary debates, in which Tocqueville attended as a delegate, expert and government representative. Then there is the journalistic debate about society and culture in America. In this Tocquevilles view of America and its dynamic development of democracy occupies a singular position. Finally, the academic discourse of democracy in France, England and America, in which Tocquevilles theory has developed. During the project, new important debates have shown, including the dispute over the substantive orientation of the Académie des sciences et sociales, the political and parliamentary debates on local self-government and the political interpretation of the French Revolution under a historical and philosophical perspective. The presentation of this core debates that are relevant to an understanding of Tocquevilles work, which always combines theoretical arguments with practical political reform proposals, has particular importance to the project. That makes this proposal necessary. The representation of these debates offer previously insights in Tocquevilles research work and institutional connections and open far-reaching insights into his social networks.