SBIR Phase II: Development of a radiometric receiver for 183 GHz.

这个项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力在于改进各种平台的大气状态观测。这个紧凑，集成和？即插即用？接收器的设计将使现有的观测更容易获得，更经济，并且还将使以前无法获得的大气中水蒸气分布的观测成为可能。这个环境传感器？S的小尺寸和低功耗要求使其能够部署在各种机载、星载或地面平台上，如无人机、纳米卫星、海洋浮标和远程定位的地面仪器。一个很有前景的商业应用是私人气象观测卫星星座。据估计，在2016-2018年期间，全球将发射约400颗遥感纳米/微型卫星。水汽和云观测是最重要的观测之一，有望进一步了解天气事件，并更好地进行天气或中尺度预报。改善大气观测与日益准确和有用的天气预报有直接关系。预计这些好处将广泛延伸到整个经济领域。气象学家指出，更准确和快速更新的大气观测是不断改进天气预报、了解大气物理和气候的必要条件之一。这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目将完成设计并建造一个功能齐全的非常紧凑的直接探测辐射计接收器原型，该接收器将在183 GHz水蒸汽吸收线附近工作。所有接收器组件将被设计和评估，包括噪声源、探测器、滤波器、单片微波集成电路等，首先作为单独的部件，然后在组装中。新颖的接收器架构和所有组件集成到一个组件中，可以大幅减小接收器的尺寸，降低功耗，同时提高其观测能力和稳定性。提出的努力有几个方面是独特的，将为超紧凑微波辐射测量提供深远的进步。该接收器预计消耗不到0.5瓦的功率，重约100克，在其输入端具有连续两点校准能力。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is in the improvement of atmospheric state observations from various platforms. This compact, integrated and ?plug and play? receiver design will make the existing observations more available, more economical, and will also enable previously unattainable observations of water vapor distributions within the atmosphere. This environmental sensor?s small size and low power requirements enables its deployment on various airborne, spaceborne or ground-based platforms, such as unmanned aerial aircraft, nanosatellites, ocean buoys, and remotely located ground-based instruments. One promising commercial application is private weather observing satellite constellations. It has been estimated that around 400 remote sensing nano/microsatellites will be launched worldwide between the years of 2016-2018. Water vapor and cloud observations are among the most important observations promising further understanding of weather events and to better synoptic or mesoscale forecasts. Improved atmospheric observations are directly related to increasingly accurate and useful weather forecasts. The benefits are expected to extend widely across the economy. Meteorologists point to more accurate and rapidly refreshed atmospheric observations as one of the necessities for the continuous improvements in weather forecasting, understanding of the atmospheric physics and climate.This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase 2 project will complete the design and build a fully functional prototype of a very compact, direct detection radiometer receiver, operating in the vicinity of the 183 GHz water vapor absorption line. All the receiver components will be designed and evaluated, including a noise source, detectors, filters, Monolithic Microwave Integrated circuits and others, first as individual parts and then within the assembly. A novel receiver architecture and integration of all components into one assembly allow for a drastic reduction in the receiver size and reduction of its power consumption, while improving its observational capabilities and stability. There are several aspects of the proposed effort that are unique and would provide profound advances in ultra-compact microwave radiometry. The receiver is expected to consume less than 0.5 Watt of power and weigh around 100 grams, with a continuous two-point calibration capability at its input.